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Tom Kyte

Thanks for the question, Johan.

Asked: October 02, 2003 - 8:56 am UTC

Last updated: April 19, 2006 - 5:21 pm UTC

Version: 8.1.7 & later

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You Asked

Tom,

I recently read an article on Oracle Label Security and from the relatively limited information provided in the article, Label Security seem very similar to Fine Grained Access Control, maybe just a bit more limited than FGAC.

Why do both these technologies exist and how would one choose between the two when it comes to the implementation of row-level security in an application ?



and Tom said...

Label Security is actually built on top of FGAC.

Label Security is an "out of the box" experience. It is already implemented -- you just use it.

FGAC is a toolkit, you could use it to build Label Security (and our developers did just that)

You might browse this chapter:
</code> http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/network.920/a96578/intro.htm#1008265 <code>

to get some more details on it.

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Comments

A reader, October 02, 2003 - 4:58 pm UTC

Isn't label security the new name for what used to be known as Trusted Oracle in Oracle 7? Was Trusted Oracle implementation based on the RLS model(which I think is an 8i feature) or was it different? Essentially could you please tell what are the differences between the Trusted Oracle implementation and Label Security? Thanks.

Tom Kyte
October 02, 2003 - 6:52 pm UTC


Trusted Oracle (i cut my teeth on that product way way way back when -- i was one of the first customers) is much "bigger" then Label Security.

Trusted Oracle was a b1 multi-level secure database that relied on a b1 multi-level secure operating system. It was "big time". it used the OS to enforce the "row level security"

Label Security has many of the salient features of Trusted -- but is not so onerous. No trusted OS is needed, but you have some (not all) of the qualities of that b1 multi-level secure OS (so secure it was, that people couldn't really 'use' it day to day)

Trusted Oracle is "dead", Label Security is what we are producing now.

Memories of Trusted Oracle...

Mark Wooldridge, October 02, 2003 - 11:47 pm UTC

I also was thrown into Trusted Oracle back in 95. I had alot of interesting days working with the product and integrated webservers (back before they were application servers) onto trusted solaris, dec mls, sco's mls and hp cmw.

Replication was very intersting when Trusted Oracle was involved.

OLS, previously Military security is also an interesting product. The key piece missing is the multilevel listener to allow OLS to work on Trusted Solaris.

OLS is a good product but is designed after the Trusted Oracle model with levels, and compartments (also now inverse compartments as a result of my beta testing), and a new feature groups. If your data fits this model, then OLS is the product for you.

OLS vs FGAC

Suhail, April 03, 2006 - 4:57 pm UTC

Tom,

I need to implement data classification, I need to associate labels like 'sensitive', 'classified', 'public', etc to each record along with some other attributes such as ROLE (manager, programmer etc. Would I be able to do it using VPD/FGAC or I need to have OLS?
Thank you for your answer

Tom Kyte
April 04, 2006 - 9:48 am UTC

OLS (Oracle label security) is implemented via FGAC (fine grained access control).

It is an implementation that does what you say you would like to do.

So you can either buy OLS (extra cost option to the enterprise edition) or write it yourself.



writing it itself

Suhail, April 04, 2006 - 10:16 am UTC

Tom,

In OLS, I can define level, group and compartment, whereas in VPD we filter data by a some field. In OLS, we need to create a new field to store values for group, compartment and level combination, whereas, in VPD we donot change the table definition. So why does OLS need this new column? In OLS, as we know, access to data is controlled in three dimension, could we do this in VPD?

I am working on a Data Classification project and I have been asked to justify why do I need OLS?

Tom Kyte
April 04, 2006 - 7:24 pm UTC

In OLS you use what they built.

With VPD - what you can build is limited by your IMAGINATION.

I totally agree, this is 100% a "buy vs build" decision.

Do you want to design, build, and maintain forever your own custom implementation

Or

Do you want to buy an off the shelf solution that on the face of it sounds like it would satisfy your needs.


That is always the question..

references

Suhail, April 05, 2006 - 2:28 pm UTC

Could you give me some references of agencies who are uusing OLS or some success story.

Thanks



Tom Kyte
April 06, 2006 - 9:47 am UTC

</code> http://www.oracle.com/pls/cis/Profiles.print_html?p_profile_id=4630

is one - but your sales team would be able to provide more specific industry references easily.

here are some more:

http://www.slb.com/content/services/software/im/sda_productview.asp

TSA
http://www.oracle.com/industries/government/Oracle_in_Homeland_Security.pdf

Boeing
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/investor_relations/CompleteQ&R.pdf


these guys are on 8i... but they are using it ;-)
http://www.dawnbreaker.com/vas/docs/MAXIM-Brief.pdf <code>

(thanks to Amanda for looking these up for me :)

GD-AIS & OLS

Richard Evans, April 06, 2006 - 5:48 pm UTC

If you would like to talk to our sales team about which government agencies are utilizing our OLS products you are more than welcome to!

Here are a few links to our products, hope this helps:

</code> http://www.gd-ais.com/Capabilities/offerings/ia/tne.htm

Here is, essentially, a PDF sales brochure:

http://www.gd-ais.com/Capabilities/offerings/ia/documents/TNE_Capabilities_001.pdf


Pages 25 – 28 discuss our product.  On page 27, there is an image of our network architecture:

http://www.sun.com/solutions/documents/white-papers/SNAP_SolutionsGuide.pdf?null <code>



Tom Kyte
April 08, 2006 - 8:27 am UTC

Umm, but since OLS stands for Oracle Label Security - and you are not Oracle - I'm not really understanding how this is showing OLS?

That is not OLS.

VPD, FGAC, label security... express edition

A reader, April 19, 2006 - 3:23 pm UTC

Tom, VPD is based on fine grain access control? Are VPD and FGAC pretty much the same? The reasn for asking - product features list says VPD is available only in EE. Does it mean that XE (or any other but EE) doesn't have FGAC? There is no way to create policies etc.? Just confused by all these acronyms and terms...
Thank you very much!!!

Tom Kyte
April 19, 2006 - 5:21 pm UTC

VPD is synonymous with fine grained access control is synonymous with "using DBMS_RLS"



Column security

Azamat, May 11, 2006 - 3:53 pm UTC

We are building a enterprise wide data warehouse and we need to classify the data. We have several subject areas such as Contract, Accounting, Payrrole etc. For example my INVOICE_FACT fact table contain following columns:

Agency_id
Acc_id
Contract_id
Payee_id
Invoice_dt_id
Invoice_num
AMT
Audit_Amt
Transaction_Amt

In this fact table my Compartment is Invoice and combination of following columns have different sensitivity level:

data classification Sensitivity Level
(agency_id,contract_id) PUBLIC
(agency_id,contract_id,payee_id) CONFIDENTIAL
(agency_id,contract_id,audit_amt) HIGHLY SENSITIVE


I am not sure how I will be able to implement this kind of label security using OLS, do I need to implement column lavel security using VPD or should I use sub category in defining my compartments, such as INVOICE is main compartments, under INVOICE, I have following three compartments:
INVOICE_PUBLIC
INVOICE_CONFIDENTIAL
INVOICE_HIGHLY_CLASSIFIED.

Hopeing to hear from you.

Thanks


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