Is this homework?

Data Outages

The data are unavailable for some reason (server crashes, disk failures, ...)

Siloed Data

Data about a business or application are stored in separate databases, making it hard to get a complete picture of the enterprise. For example, customer details may be in a CRM (customer relations management) system, their orders may be in a separate online ordering application.

Data Automation

I'm not quite sure what they're getting at here, but it's likely to do with automating the storage and processing of data.

Data Profiling

Analyzing the data to produce summary stats about it.

Push Down Data movement

I think this should be about data processing, rather than movement. The idea here is you filter the data at source, instead of transferring data then filtering.

A simple example. To find all the orders for a customer, you could query every order:

select * from orders

Then inspect every row in your application to see if it matches the given customer. But this means sending thousands, millions or even billions of rows over the network. A big waste if the customer has only placed a handful of orders.

Instead it's much more efficient to "push down" the processing to the database, so you run:

select * from orders
where  customer_id = :customer

This then only returns rows for that customer to the application.