WITH dts AS (SELECT TRUNC(to_date('&year', 'yyyy'), 'yyyy') + LEVEL + 181 AS dt
             FROM   dual
             CONNECT BY LEVEL <= to_char(TO_DATE(&YEAR || '1231', 'yyyymmdd'), 'ddd')),
           --  dt_mon AS (SELECT '7' from dual),
    dts2 AS (SELECT dt,
                    TRUNC(dt, 'mm') dt_mon,
                    TRUNC(dt, 'iw') dt_start_of_week,
                    to_char(dt, 'fmdd') day_of_month
             FROM   dts)

SELECT to_char(dt_mon, 'fmMonth') "MONTH",
       row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY to_char(dt_mon, 'fmMonth') ORDER BY dt_start_of_week) week_num,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week THEN day_of_month END) mon,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 1 THEN day_of_month END) tue,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 2 THEN day_of_month END) wed,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 3 THEN day_of_month END) thu,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 4 THEN day_of_month END) fri,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 5 THEN day_of_month END) sat,
       MAX(CASE WHEN dt = dt_start_of_week + 6 THEN day_of_month END) sun 
FROM   dts2
GROUP BY dt_mon,
         to_char(dt_mon, 'fmMonth'),
         dt_start_of_week
ORDER BY dt_mon, dt_start_of_week;

Not really because the definition of a "fiscal" year is totally at the whim of the organization that uses it.

I've worked for places where the fiscal year starts in April, others in July. Similarly, I've worked at places where the fiscal week starts on Monday, others on a Friday. I've even worked at places where the number of days in certain fiscal weeks changes from year to year, because the first day of the year starts on a different day, so they crammed an "8th day" into a week for business reporting.

There is no single "fiscal" year. Ultimately, most places do you what you've done above, namely have a table that stores the true calendar, its mapping to that company's fiscal calendar and use it (typically) as dimension table for reporting.

For example, here's an (anonymised) snippet from a client I worked with....

CREATE TABLE DATE_REPORTING
(
 ,CAL_DATE                   DATE         NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_START            DATE         NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_END              DATE         NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_OF_YEAR          NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_OF_FIN_YEAR      NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_NAME_ABBR        VARCHAR2(3)  NOT NULL
 ,CAL_MONTH_NAME             VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL
 ,CAL_QTR_START              DATE         NOT NULL
 ,CAL_QTR_END                DATE         NOT NULL
 ,CAL_YEAR                   NUMBER(4)    NOT NULL
 ,CAL_DAY_OF_MONTH           NUMBER(3)    NOT NULL
--
 ,DAY_OF_WEEK_ABBR           VARCHAR2(3)  NOT NULL
 ,DAY_OF_WEEK                VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
 ,FIN_DAY_OF_WEEK            NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
--  
 ,FIN_WEEK_OF_MONTH          NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
 ,FIN_WEEK_OF_YEAR           NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
 ,FIN_WEEK_START             DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_WEEK_END               DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_SETTLEMENT_PERIOD_SEQ  NUMBER(10)   
--
 ,FIN_MONTH_NAME             VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL
 ,FIN_MONTH_NAME_ABBR        VARCHAR2(3)  NOT NULL
 ,FIN_MONTH_OF_YEAR          NUMBER(2)    NOT NULL
 ,FIN_MONTH_START            DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_MONTH_END              DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_MONTH_WEEKS            NUMBER       NOT NULL
--
 ,FIN_QTR_START              DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_QTR_END                DATE         NOT NULL
--  
 ,FIN_YEAR                   NUMBER(4)    NOT NULL
 ,FIN_YEAR_NAME              VARCHAR2(8)  NOT NULL
 ,FIN_YEAR_START             DATE         NOT NULL
 ,FIN_YEAR_END               DATE         NOT NULL
...
...
...