SQL query
March 17, 2002 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: munz from reston, usa
Excellent as usual
Why r u Using Distinct and then First_value here
March 19, 2002 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: Pascal from germany,HH
Refer to ur Query just compied from above:
select item_no, sum(qty)
2 from (
3 select distinct item_no, bin,
4 first_value(qty) over(partition by item_no, bin
5 order by effective_date desc) qty
6 from t
7 )
8 group by item_no
9 /
I have been reading ur Book and been trying these Analytic Functions myself..but sometimes i had to
use Distinct to get correct results ---otherwise , it doesn't work..
Can u please Clarify a bit more why r u using Distinct and then first_value here..
Wouldn't first_value be sufficient ?
Thanks and Best Regards,
pascal
Followup March 19, 2002 - 9am Central time zone:
Well, I'm actually using the ANALYTIC function and then the distinct.
We got -- for every row in T (where there are more then one row for each ITEM_NO, BIN combination)
the first_value of qty when sorted descending by date. That would give us 12 rows (using my
example) with many duplicates. The distinct will remove the duplicate ITEM_NO/BIN combinations and
then the sum collapses out the BIN dimension.
query
June 24, 2003 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I have this query:
ISD> select a.request_id,a.shipment_id,b.item_number,b.stock_number,
2 max(a.shipment_date) from shipment a, shipped_item b
3 where a.shipment_id = b.shipment_id and b.disposition='B'
4 group by a.request_id,a.shipment_id,stock_number,item_number;
REQUEST_ID SHIPMENT_ID ITEM_NUMBER STOCK_NUMB MAX(A.SHIPMENT_DATE)
---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- --------------------
593 2074 2 AC010 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 2074 4 BB005 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 2075 2 AC010 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 2075 4 BB005 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 2076 1 AC010 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 2076 2 BB005 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 2076 3 MS193 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
7 rows selected.
What i am tring to get is the records of the shipment of the max date. so here it would exclude the
first two. how would you do this.
Followup June 25, 2003 - 11am Central time zone:
select * (
select a.request_id,a.shipment_id,b.item_number,b.stock_number,
a.shipment_date,
max(a.shipment_date) over (partition by shipment_id) max_ship_date
from shipment a, shipped_item b
where a.shipment_id = b.shipment_id
and b.disposition='B'
)
where shipment_date = max_ship_date
/
actual query
June 24, 2003 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Please disregard previous query. here is the actual one. I have two tables: shipment (PK is
shipment_id) and shipped_item (PK is shipment_id,stock_number and item_number). Every shipment
record that has a backorder flag, I want to read the quantity. However if it is the same item and
request id I am only intersted in the last shipped one. SO here the result should be so that I
skip
the first and third records.
1 select a.request_id,b.stock_number,b.backorder_quantity,
2 a.shipment_date from shipment a, shipped_item b
3 where a.shipment_id = b.shipment_id and b.disposition='B'
5* order by 1,2
ISD> /
REQUEST_ID STOCK_NUMB BACKORDER_QUANTITY SHIPMENT_DATE
---------- ---------- ------------------ --------------------
593 AC010 190 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 AC010 145 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 BB005 380 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 BB005 300 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 AC010 90 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 BB005 50 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 MS193 50 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
7 rows selected.
Followup June 25, 2003 - 11am Central time zone:
I think that is the same answer as the other one.
June 25, 2003 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Thanks a lot. Is it any way possible using analytical functions too to get the min(date) in the
result set. Your answer gave me what I need. Now is it possible to add the min(shipment_date)
from the first record displayed in the initial result set to the final result set which displays
the record with maximum(shipment_date)?
Followup June 25, 2003 - 7pm Central time zone:
(did you even think to try "min"?????)
just try adding a select of min(...) over (....)
query
June 25, 2003 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I think you misunderstood me or maybe I misunderstood your last comment.
The max( ) over gave me the result set however I am trying to grab the lowest ship date from the
first record. For example, for this data set, I need to grab the record (quantity) from record
highest shipment_date but then I want to grab lowest shipment date (initial date).
REQUEST_ID STOCK_NUMB BACKORDER_QUANTITY SHIPMENT_DATE
---------- ---------- ------------------ --------------------
593 AC010 190 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 AC010 145 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 BB005 380 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
593 BB005 300 25-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 AC010 90 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 BB005 50 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
594 MS193 50 24-jun-2003 00:00:00
i WOULD GET FOR AC010:
593 AC010 145 24-jun-2003
or
593 AC010 145 25-jun-2003 24-jun-2003
(here the min(date) is added as another column.
Followup June 26, 2003 - 8am Central time zone:
failing to see the problem here, did you even TRY adding
select * (
select a.request_id,a.shipment_id,b.item_number,b.stock_number,
a.shipment_date,
max(a.shipment_date) over (partition by shipment_id) max_ship_date
min(a.shipment_date) over (partition by shipment_id) min_ship_date
from shipment a, shipped_item b
where a.shipment_id = b.shipment_id
and b.disposition='B'
)
where shipment_date = max_ship_date
/
that'll get you the MIN shipment date by shipment_id for dispositions = 'B' You'll have max ship
date, min ship date, etc etc et.
Great. This solves lot of my Issues.
June 27, 2003 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thank you Tom.
sql query
September 11, 2003 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I have this query that gives me all storage codes for each stock item for "WASHDC" warehouse.
Problem is that if a stock item is not stored anywhere in "WASHDC" it will be excluded from the
result set. I want a master report of all stock items that shows blank entries if a stock item
does not have an entry. ALl stock items are listed in stock_item table.
What can i do to get this "resultset" to union with all other stock items that are not in the
result set just to be displayed on the report.
select stock_number,description,
max(decode(seq,1,storage_code,null)) Loc#1,
max(decode(seq,1,qty_Available,null)) qty#1,
max(decode(seq,2,storage_code,null)) Loc#2,
max(decode(seq,2,qty_Available,null)) qty#2,
max(decode(seq,3,storage_code,null)) loc#3,
max(decode(seq,3,qty_Available,null)) qty#1,
max(decode(seq,4,storage_code,null)) loc#4,
max(decode(seq,4,qty_Available,null)) qty#4
from (
select stock_number, storage_code,description,qty_available,
row_number() over(partition by stock_number order by stock_number nulls last) seq
from (select a.stock_number, b.storage_code,a.description,
compute_qty_stored(b.warehouse_id,a.stock_number,b.storage_Code) qty_available
from stock_item a, physical_inventory b
where a.stock_number = b.stock_number(+)
and b.warehouse_id in (''WASHDC'')
and a.stock_number <> ''99999''
union all
select a.stock_number, b.storage_code,a.description,
compute_qty_stored(b.warehouse_id,a.stock_number,b.storage_Code) qty_available
from stock_item a, storage_receipt b
where a.stock_number = b.stock_number(+)
and b.warehouse_id in (''WASHDC'')
)
group by stock_number,storage_Code,description,qty_available )
where seq <=4
THanks,
Followup September 11, 2003 - 8pm Central time zone:
you don't need a union, you just need to outer join to a distinct set of all stock items at the
end.
take that query -- and outer join it to the distinct set of stock items.
query
September 11, 2003 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
TOm:
1. DO you mean doing like this :
select * from (query) a, stock_item b where a.stock_number=b.stock_number(+);
2. or do the join in the innermost (warehouse column) query like :
select a.stock_number, b.storage_code,a.description,
compute_qty_stored(b.warehouse_id,a.stock_number,b.storage_Code) qty_available
from stock_item a, physical_inventory b
where a.stock_number = b.stock_number(+)
and b.warehouse_id(+) in (''WASHDC'')
and a.stock_number <> ''99999''
thanks
Followup September 12, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
select *
from ( your_query ) a,
( query to get DISTINCT stock numbers ) b
where a.stock#(+) = b.stock#
Very Nice
September 12, 2003 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: R.Chacravarthi from Chennai,India
Hello Tom,
I have a question for you regarding a query.It deals with
selecting min and max values in a query.For example:
select ename,sal from emp where sal = (select min(sal) from
emp ) or sal = (select max(sal) from emp);
It returns me the employees getting min and max sal values
in the table emp.My question is
"Can this query be put using the In operator like
select ename,sal from emp where sal in('query1','query2');" query1 deals with min(sal) and query2
deals with max(sal).Is this possible?I tried but it throws errors.Could you please help?
Thanks in advance.Please do reply.
P.S:) Please specify the other formats of the same query.
Followup September 12, 2003 - 10am Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select ename
2 from emp
3 where sal in ( (select min(sal) from emp), (select max(sal) from emp) );
ENAME
----------
SMITH
KING
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select ename
2 from emp
3 where sal in (select min(sal) from emp union select max(sal) from emp);
ENAME
----------
SMITH
KING
both work
what do u think of this query...still doing a table scan??
September 12, 2003 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
SQL> sELECT
2 employees.USID,
3 review_status,
4 jobs.ID,
5 jobs.STATUS,
6 JOB_JAVA_PKG.GET_CHEMIST(jobs.ID) ASSIGNED_TO,
7 jobs.TEST ,
8 JOB_JAVA_PKG.get_review_status(jobs.ID) REVIEW_STATUS,
9 jobs.CREATED_BY ,
10 jobs.REASON_FOR_CHANGE,
11 DECODE(STATUS,'CANCELLED',jobs.MODIFIED_BY,NULL) MODIFIED_BY
12 FROM JOBS, job_chemists, employees, enotebook_reviews
13 -- where jobs.id is not null AND jobs.RECORD_STATUS='CURRENT'
14 where jobs.RECORD_STATUS='CURRENT'
15 and jobs.id = job_fk_id
16 and job_chemists.RECORD_STATUS='CURRENT'
17 and enotebook_reviews.RECORD_STATUS='CURRENT'
18 and job_chemists.employee_fk_id = employee_id
19 and e_notebook_entity_id = jobs.id
20 and job_fk_id = e_notebook_entity_id
21 /
611 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:06.04
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=30 Card=1 Bytes=172)
1 0 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=30 Card=1 Bytes=172)
2 1 HASH JOIN (Cost=29 Card=1 Bytes=155)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'JOBS' (Cost=11 Card=615 Bytes=
47970)
4 2 HASH JOIN (Cost=17 Card=709 Bytes=54593)
5 4 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'JOB_CHEMISTS' (Cost=11 Card=
611 Bytes=25051)
6 4 INDEX (FAST FULL SCAN) OF 'LOU1' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=
5 Card=2156 Bytes=77616)
7 1 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'EMPLOYEES' (Cost=1 Car
d=485 Bytes=8245)
8 7 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'EMPLOYEES_PK' (UNIQUE)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
1833 recursive calls
0 db block gets
42323 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
43153 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
498 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
4 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
611 rows processed
Followup September 12, 2003 - 2pm Central time zone:
why do you think a full scan is a bad thing??
looks awesome I guess -- unless you can show me something better or explain why you think it is
"bad"
I would guess most of the run time is in the stuff that has the word "java" in it.
Thanks!!!
September 12, 2003 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks Tom,
do you think is a good idea to call a fuction like this
in side the select statement. The reason why I have it
througth my code is because I don't want to do a lot joins.
Please tell me if is a good idea to call it. Anyway,
here is the function I called get chemist from the previous
select. Any idea will be great to make it better!!!
FUNCTION get_chemist (p_job IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
v_emp_id VARCHAR2 (35);
v_emp VARCHAR2 (50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_fk_id
INTO v_emp_id
FROM job_chemists
WHERE job_fk_id = TRIM (p_job) AND record_status = 'CURRENT';
SELECT usid
INTO v_emp
FROM employees
WHERE TRIM (employee_id) = TRIM (v_emp_id);
RETURN v_emp;
END
Followup September 12, 2003 - 7pm Central time zone:
umm, so you think this would be better then a join??????
it is a join -- just a really really really slow join, the slowest way to do it.
don't second guess the database engine, it is pretty good at doing what it does -- joins!
I would not even consider calling such a function -- never in a billion years, not a chance.
do it in 100% SQL
SQL Statement to grab the next lowest value within a single row
September 12, 2003 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: David
Hi Tom,
I have been trying hard to think of a way to do this with just one easy SQL statement, as opposed
to many PL/SQL code blocks.
The main issue is that we loaded data from a networked database to an Oracle 9i database without a
hitch. During development, we discovered that in designing the new tables prior to the load, we
missed the need to add a key column in one of the tables to establish a relationship with another.
This was a big mistake. Unfortunately, we do not have time now to unload and reload the data into
re-designed tables. The population of the owner key can only be done during the unload process,
and there is simply no time left. The only option we have is to come up with a workable solution.
I prefer, if possible, a single SQL statement that can retrieve the correct results.
So for example, in Table A:
SEQNO EFFECTIVE_DATE SERVICE_STATUS
2 20020426 ND
2 20020130 AB
2 20020129 AB
2 20011009 AB
2 20011002 AB
2 20010912 AB
2 20001028 AB
2 20001026 NP
1 20030328 AB
1 20020722 AB
1 20020720 AB
1 20020719 AB
1 20020717 NP
And in Table B:
SERIAL_NUMBER SEQNO EFFECTIVE_DATE
21814290378 2 20020426
21814290378 2 20020130
21814290378 2 20020129
21814290378 2 20011009
21814290378 2 20011002
21814317918 2 20010912
21814317918 2 20001028
9300134799 1 20030328
9300134799 1 20020722
9300134799 1 20020720
9300134799 1 20020719
There should be a SERIAL_NUMBER field in Table A so that we can pin-point the EFFECTIVE_DATE. This
is the column that is missing. Table A should look like:
SEQNO EFFECTIVE_DATE SERVICE_STATUS SERIAL_NUMBER
2 20020426 ND 21814290378
2 20020130 AB 21814290378
2 20020129 AB 21814290378
2 20011009 AB 21814290378
2 20011002 AB 21814290378
2 20010912 AB 21814317918
2 20001028 AB 21814317918
2 20001026 NP
1 20030328 AB 9300134799
1 20020722 AB 9300134799
1 20020720 AB 9300134799
1 20020719 AB 9300134799
1 20020717 NP
So the way this works is that for a SEQNO, you can have multiple serial numbers. We need to
produce a report that looks like:
SERIAL_NUMBER SRV_BEGIN
------------------------------------
9300134799 20020717
21814290378 20011002
21814317918 20001026
The logic is this: For each sequence number, list the effective dates of each serial number. The
effective date should be the earliest date for that serial number. If the SERVICE_STATUS column in
Table A is 'NP', then use the effective date for that serial number. If it isn't, then use the
date that is in Table B. This seems simple, but is quite complicated. I am hoping that you can
come up with a single SQL statement to do this.
Thanks.
David
Followup September 12, 2003 - 8pm Central time zone:
isn't the logic more easily stated as:
for every row in table A where service_status <> NP, set serial_number = first serial number for
that sequence you find in table b?
Whaa?
September 12, 2003 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: David
Do you mean "where service_status = NP"? How would you do it with one SQL statement?
Followup September 13, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
no, i meant
for every row -- where the status is NOT "NP" -- update that column to the first value for that
sequence you find in the other table.
that matches your output. is that is what you want -- just
update tablea
set that_column = ( select that_column from tableb where tableb.seq = tablea.seq and rownum = 1
)
where status <> 'NP';
Nice
September 13, 2003 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: R.Chacravarthi from Chennai,India
Thanks for your response.Sorry to disturb you again.I need a
query which returns deptno wise highest and lowest salary
getting employees.For ex. I expect the resultset to be as
follows:
deptno Min(sal) Minsal_ename Max(sal) Maxsal_ename
10 800 Smith 5000 King
20 1500 ... ...
30 ... .... .... ...
I need a query like this?Could you please Provide a query?
Please specify different formats of the same query.
Followup September 13, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
please specify different formats? do we get bonus points on homework for that :)
tell me, what happens when two people (or thirty people, whatever) make the most or least -- are we
to pick on at random?
well, here are three ways -- note that the last query returns a different -- yet equally valid --
answer due to this duplicity
ops$tkyte@ORA920> create table emp as select * from scott.emp order by ename;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select deptno,
2 to_number(substr(xmax,1,14)) max_sal,
3 substr(xmax,15) max_name,
4 to_number(substr(xmin,1,14)) min_sal,
5 substr(xmin,15) min_name
6 from (
7 select deptno,
8 max( to_char(sal,'0000000000.00') || ename ) xmax,
9 min( to_char(sal,'0000000000.00') || ename ) xmin
10 from emp
11 group by deptno
12 )
13 /
DEPTNO MAX_SAL MAX_NAME MIN_SAL MIN_NAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 5000 KING 1300 MILLER
20 3000 SCOTT 800 SMITH
30 2850 BLAKE 950 JAMES
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select deptno,
2 max(case when rn<>1 then sal else null end) max_sal,
3 max(case when rn<>1 then ename else null end) max_ename,
4 max(decode(rn,1,sal)) min_sal,
5 max(decode(rn,1,ename)) min_ename
6 from (
7 select *
8 from (
9 select deptno,
10 row_number() over ( partition by deptno order by sal ) rn,
11 max(sal) over (partition by deptno) max_sal,
12 ename,
13 sal
14 from emp
15 )
16 where rn = 1 or sal = max_sal
17 )
18 group by deptno
19 /
DEPTNO MAX_SAL MAX_ENAME MIN_SAL MIN_ENAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 5000 KING 1300 MILLER
20 3000 SCOTT 800 SMITH
30 2850 BLAKE 950 JAMES
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select deptno,
2 max_sal,
3 (select ename from emp where sal = max_sal and rownum = 1 ) max_ename,
4 min_sal,
5 (select ename from emp where sal = min_sal and rownum = 1 ) min_ename
6 from (
7 select deptno, min(sal) min_sal, max(sal) max_sal
8 from emp
9 group by deptno
10 )
11 /
DEPTNO MAX_SAL MAX_ENAME MIN_SAL MIN_ENAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
10 5000 KING 1300 MILLER
20 3000 FORD 800 SMITH
30 2850 BLAKE 950 JAMES
Excellent
September 13, 2003 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from Cincinatti,USA
How to reverse the rows of a table?i.e.starting from the last row and proceeding upwards.Can this
be done in sql?I
tried in pl/sql using index by tables with attributes last
and prior.It works fine.Please show me a way how to do it
sql.
Thanks in advance.
Bye!
Followup September 14, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
there is no such thing as the "last row"...
order by DESC
and
order by ASC
are the only ways to have "first" and "last" rows. so, if you want the "last row" first and were
using order by asc, use desc
Ok
September 15, 2003 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Peter from Boulder,USA
Dear Tom,
Read your response.One of my Oracle University Tutors said
the following information."A row in the table can be the last row if it has the maximum rowid and a
row can be the
first if it has the minimum rowid".Is this correct information or misleading one?I have a question
also for you
and kindly bear with us.It is
select * from emp where &N = (select ....);
Keep the data as it is (i.e keeping data in the order of row insertion ) and suppose if I enter
"1" for N it should return the first row and if I enter "5" it should return the fifth row.Is this
possible in
sql?Please do reply.
Thanks in advance.
Followup September 15, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
it is incorrect.
first, what does it mean to be "first" or "last"??????? nothing, nothing at all - not in SQL, not
in relational databases. But, anyway, let me demonstrate:
borrowing the example from:
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:::::P11_QUESTION_ID:4423420997870
I'll reuse it here:
ops$tkyte@ORA920> create table t ( x int primary key, a char(2000), b char(2000), c char(2000), d
char(2000), e char(2000) );
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> insert into t(x) values ( 1 );
1 row created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920> insert into t(x) values ( 2 );
1 row created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920> insert into t(x) values ( 3 );
1 row created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> commit;
Commit complete.
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column a noprint
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column b noprint
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column c noprint
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column d noprint
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column e noprint
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select * from t;
X
----------
1
2
3
so, data comes out in the order it is inserted -- or not??? the "last row" is 3, first row is
"1" right? or is it??
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> update t set a = 'x', b = 'x', c = 'x' where x = 3;
1 row updated.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> commit;
Commit complete.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> update t set a = 'x', b = 'x', c = 'x' where x = 2;
1 row updated.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> commit;
Commit complete.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> update t set a = 'x', b = 'x', c = 'x' where x = 1;
1 row updated.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> commit;
Commit complete.
just some updates right -- but carefully planned ones:
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select * from t;
X
----------
3
2
1
now 3 is the "first" row and 1 is the "last row" but look at the rowids
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select x, rowid, min(rowid) over (), max(rowid) over (),
2 decode( rowid, min(rowid) over (), 'min rowid' ),
3 decode( rowid, max(rowid) over (), 'max rowid' )
4 from t;
X ROWID MIN(ROWID)OVER() MAX(ROWID)OVER() DECODE(RO DECODE(RO
--- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ --------- ---------
3 AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAC AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAA AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAC max rowid
2 AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAB AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAA AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAC
1 AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAA AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAA AAAJ49AALAAAQaiAAC min rowid
3 has max rowid, 1 has min rowid but -- 3 is first and 1 is last!!!
so, that shows the "maximum rowid theory" is false.....
As for the last question -- hopefully you see now that there is NO SUCH THING as the n'th row in a
relation database (unless you yourself number them!)
You can get the n'th row from a result set -- but the n'th row can and will change over time. Only
by numbering the rows yourself and using order by can you get the same n'th row time after time
after time
select *
from ( select a.*, rownum r
from ( query-to-define-your-result-set ) a
where rownum <= &n )
where r = &n;
gets the n'th row from a result set (NOT a table, a result set)
Problem with SQL Query
September 15, 2003 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Raghu
Hi TOm,
I don't understand the reason behind this behaviour.
SQL> desc dept
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
DNAME VARCHAR2(14)
LOC VARCHAR2(13)
SQL> desc emp
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
JOB VARCHAR2(9)
MGR NUMBER(4)
HIREDATE DATE
SAL NUMBER(7,2)
COMM NUMBER(7,2)
DEPTNO NUMBER(2)
SQL> select * from dept
2 where dname in
3 (select dname from emp);
DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- -------------- -------------
10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
20 RESEARCH DALLAS
30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
DNAME column is missing in the emp table but still it does not give any error.
Followup September 15, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
that query is the same as:
select * from dept
where DEPT.dname in ( select DEPT.dname from emp );
you just did a correlated subquery. as long as EMP has at least one row -- that query is the same
as:
select * from dept
where DEPT.dname is not null;
it is the defined, expected behaviour.
Thanks!!!
September 15, 2003 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks Tom,
do you think is a good idea to call a fuction like this
in side the select statement. The reason why I have it
througth my code is because I don't want to do a lot joins.
Please tell me if is a good idea to call it. Anyway,
here is the function I called get chemist from the previous
select. Any idea will be great to make it better!!!
FUNCTION get_chemist (p_job IN VARCHAR2)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
v_emp_id VARCHAR2 (35);
v_emp VARCHAR2 (50);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_fk_id
INTO v_emp_id
FROM job_chemists
WHERE job_fk_id = TRIM (p_job) AND record_status = 'CURRENT';
SELECT usid
INTO v_emp
FROM employees
WHERE TRIM (employee_id) = TRIM (v_emp_id);
RETURN v_emp;
END
Followup September 15, 2003 - 9am Central time zone:
it is a horrible idea.
joins are not evil.
calling plsql (or any function) from sql when you don't need to is.
joins are not evil.
databases were BORN to join
joins are not evil.
you are doing a join yourself -- that can only be slower then letting the datbase do what it was
programmed to do!
joins are NOT evil.
don't do this (and that abuse of trim() -- on a database column!! precluding indexes in most cases!
you want to rethink that -- why would you need to trim() ?? that would indicate bad data --
something you want to fix on the ingest process, not on the way out!
simple sql question
September 16, 2003 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom
Here is the test case:
9:25:11 test@ORA901> @test1
09:25:14 test@ORA901> drop table t1;
Table dropped.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> drop table t2;
Table dropped.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> create table t1 ( x int , y varchar2(30) );
Table created.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> create table t2 ( x int , y varchar2(30) );
Table created.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> insert into t1 values ( 1, 'xx' );
1 row created.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> insert into t1 values ( 2, 'xx' );
1 row created.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> select t1.x , t1.y from t1, t2
09:25:14 2 where not exists ( select null from t2 where t2.x = t1.x );
no rows selected
09:25:14 test@ORA901>
09:25:14 test@ORA901> insert into t2 values ( 1, 'xx' );
1 row created.
09:25:14 test@ORA901> select t1.x, t1.y from t1, t2
09:25:14 2 where not exists ( select null from t2 where t2.x = t1.x );
2 xx
My question is:
Why in the first case we get "no rows selected" - I would
have expected all the rows of t1. When I have at least one row in t2 (matching or not), then I get
the desired result.
Basically, I want to select t1's values that don't exist
in t2 - . If t2 is empty I want to get all rows of t1.
Thank you!!!!
Followup September 16, 2003 - 1pm Central time zone:
why are you cartesian product'ing the tables together?
the query should be:
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select t1.x , t1.y from t1
2 where not exists ( select null from t2 where t2.x = t1.x );
X Y
---------- ------------------------------
1 xx
2 xx
that is what the query should be -- when you join to an empty table -- you get no rows.
thanx tom!!
September 16, 2003 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
It was a stupid mistake - thanx for correcting me!
Good
September 18, 2003 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Ferdinand Maer from CT,USA
Dear Sir,
Suppose if I have a string like "Metalink " ,How can I insert a blank space between each character
so that string
appears as "M e t a l i n k"?Is a query possible here?
Please do reply.
Thanks
Maer
Followup September 18, 2003 - 10am Central time zone:
procedurally -- sure, its easy. this would be one where I would write a small plsql function to do
it.
OK
September 18, 2003 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Ferdinand Maer from CT,USA
Thanks for your reply.Please provide some hints to do the
coding.That's where we need your help.
Bye!
with regards,
Maer
Followup September 18, 2003 - 11am Central time zone:
really? seems pretty straight forward...
ops$tkyte@ORA920> create or replace function spacer( p_string in varchar2 ) return varchar2
2 as
3 l_string varchar2(4000);
4 begin
5 for i in 1 .. length(p_string)
6 loop
7 l_string := l_string || substr(p_string,i,1) || ' ';
8 end loop;
9 return l_string;
10 end;
11 /
Function created.
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> column ename format a20
ops$tkyte@ORA920>
ops$tkyte@ORA920> select ename, spacer(ename) ename from emp;
ENAME ENAME
-------------------- --------------------
ADAMS A D A M S
ALLEN A L L E N
BLAKE B L A K E
CLARK C L A R K
FORD F O R D
JAMES J A M E S
JONES J O N E S
KING K I N G
MARTIN M A R T I N
MILLER M I L L E R
SCOTT S C O T T
SMITH S M I T H
TURNER T U R N E R
WARD W A R D
14 rows selected.
query
January 10, 2004 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I would like to ask you about the best way to accomplish this query. It is used to generate a
report.
I have 5 tables: Library table stores all libraries. Request table stores all requests submitted
by libraries. Requested_Items stores all individual items requested. Shipment table stores all
shipments sent to libraries. Shipped_Item stores all shipped items sent to libraries.
Library (LibCode,Name)
Request(Request_ID,LibCode)
Requested_Items(Request_ID,Item_no,Material_ID)
Shipment(Shipment_ID,Request_ID,LibCode)
Shipped_Item(Shipment_ID,Item_no,material_id)
Physical relationships are as follows:
Request table is child table to parent table Library.
Requested_Items table is a child table to parent table Request.
Shipment table is child table to parent table Request.
Shipped_Item is child table to parent table Shipment.
I want to generate a columnar report as follows:
Library Total Total Total Total
Request Request Items Shipments Shipped Items
Here is how I want to do it. Simple way but may be inefficient due to the several table scans.
For x in (select libcode from library)
Loop
Select count(*) into tot_request from request where libcode = x.libcode;
Select count(*) into tot_request_item from requested_items where request_id in (select
request_id from request where libcode = x.libcode);
Select count(*) into tot_shipment from shipment where libcode = x.libcode;
Select count(*) into tot_shipped_item from shipped_items where shipment_id in (select shipment_id
from shipment where libcode = x.libcode);
Htp.p(tot_request);
Htp.p(tot_request_item);
Htp.p(tot_shipment);
Htp.p(tot_shipped_item);
END LOOP;
Is this an efficient way of doing it or not. If not how would you do it?
Followup January 10, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone:
select l.libcode, r.cnt1, r.cnt2, s.cnt1, s.cnt2
from library L,
(select request.libcode,
count(distinct request.request_id) cnt1,
count(*) cnt2
from request, requested_items
where request.request_id = requested_items.request_id(+)
group by request.libcode ) R,
(select shipment.libcode,
count(distinct shipment.shipment_id) cnt1,
count(*) cnt2
from shipment, shipped_items
where shipment.shipment_id = shipped_items.shipment_id(+)
group by shipment.libcode ) S
where l.libcode = r.libcode(+)
and l.libcode = s.libcode(+)
ONLY use the (+) if necessary. If the relations are not "optional" (eg: every libcode is in
request and shipment that is in library and every row in request has at least a row in
requested_items and every row in shipment has a row in shipped_items -- remove them -- remove as
many as you can)
that gets them all in one statement.
SQL Query
January 10, 2004 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Natasha from UAE
Tom,
I have a query pls. have a look at that
Query :
Select * From <Tab> Where Session_ID = <Session_Number>
point_of_sale, origin,destination,decode(category,'Y',1,'F',2,'J',3),
fare_id,rid,mfid,mrid.
Result Set:
MRBD BKGFRM BKGTO DEPFRM DEPTO FID RID MFID MRID
M 3/5/03 6/15/03 4/1/03 6/15/03 149 154 146 5427
M 3/5/03 6/19/03 6/16/03 6/19/03 149 154 147 5430
H 3/5/03 6/19/03 4/1/03 6/19/03 149 154 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 7/15/03 6/20/03 7/15/03 150 155 147 5430
M 3/5/03 7/31/03 7/16/03 7/31/03 150 155 3492 5432
H 3/5/03 7/31/03 6/20/03 7/31/03 150 155 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 8/31/03 8/16/03 8/31/03 151 8351 3491 5429
M 3/5/03 8/15/03 8/1/03 8/15/03 151 8351 3492 5432
H 3/5/03 8/31/03 8/1/03 8/31/03 151 8351 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 12/9/03 12/1/03 12/9/03 152 8353 149 160
M 3/5/03 12/25/0312/10/0312/25/03152 8353 149 160
M 3/5/03 3/31/04 1/1/04 3/31/04 152 8353 150 161
M 3/5/03 12/31/0312/26/0312/31/03152 8353 150 161
M 3/5/03 11/19/039/1/03 11/19/03152 8353 3491 5429
M 3/5/03 11/30/0311/20/0311/30/03152 8353 3491 5429
H 3/5/03 12/9/03 12/1/03 12/9/03 152 8353 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 11/19/039/1/03 11/19/03152 8353 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 11/30/0311/20/0311/30/03152 8353 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 3/31/04 1/1/04 3/31/04 152 8353 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 12/31/0312/10/0312/31/03152 8353 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 8/31/03 8/16/03 8/31/03 4888 8394 3491 5429
M 3/5/03 8/15/03 8/1/03 8/15/03 4888 8394 3492 5432
H 3/5/03 8/31/03 8/1/03 8/31/03 4888 8394 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 12/9/03 12/1/03 12/9/03 4889 8395 149 160
M 3/5/03 12/25/0312/10/0312/25/034889 8395 149 160
M 3/5/03 3/31/04 1/1/04 3/31/04 4889 8395 150 161
M 3/5/03 12/31/0312/26/0312/31/03 4889 8395 150 161
M 3/5/03 11/19/039/1/03 11/19/03 4889 8395 3491 5429
M 3/5/03 11/30/0311/20/0311/30/03 4889 8395 3491 5429
H 3/5/03 12/9/03 12/1/03 12/9/03 4889 8395 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 11/19/039/1/03 11/19/03 4889 8395 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 11/30/0311/20/0311/30/03 4889 8395 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 3/31/04 1/1/04 3/31/04 4889 8395 12364 16149
H 3/5/03 12/31/0312/10/0312/31/03 4889 8395 12364 16149
M 3/5/03 6/15/03 4/1/03 6/15/03 15682 23867 146 5427
M 3/5/03 7/15/03 6/16/03 7/15/03 15682 23867 147 5430
M 3/5/03 12/25/0312/1/03 12/25/03 15682 23867 149 160
M 3/5/03 3/31/04 12/26/03 3/31/04 15682 23867 150 161
M 3/5/03 11/30/038/16/03 11/30/03 15682 23867 3491 5429
M 3/5/03 8/15/03 7/16/03 8/15/03 15682 23867 3492 5432
H 3/1/03 3/31/04 3/1/03 3/31/04 15682 23867 12364 16149
H 4/1/07 3/31/08 4/1/07 3/31/08 15756 23990 12454 16232
What I am looking for :
Tom, If you check FID, and their Departure From & Departure To dates...there should be continuity.
I mean the sequence of date breaks.
For Ex :-
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
149 01/04/2003 15/06/2003 M
149 16/06/2003 19/06/2003 M
149 01/04/2003 19/06/2003 H
This is the perfect output according to the date break sequence. But When you check FID '151', the
date breaks are improper.
For Ex:-
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
151 16/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 15/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
So the output should come as
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
151 01/08/2003 15/08/2003 M
151 16/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
Pls. ensure that the date sequence should come for all the FID's.
I would appreciate, if you can answer my query.
thxs in advance.
Followup January 11, 2004 - 6am Central time zone:
er? sorry, don't understand what you might be looking for here. don't know if you are looking for
a constraint to avoid overlaps, a query to filter them out, whatever.
(example could be lots smaller too I think)
Query to filter
January 11, 2004 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: Natasha from UAE
Tom,
I need a query to filter the records according to the above examples I had enclosed.
thxs in advance.
Followup January 11, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
don't get it. filter what like what?
looks like "where" with "order by" to me.
RE: Query to filter (Natasha)
January 11, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Marcio from br
<quote>
For Ex :-
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
149 01/04/2003 15/06/2003 M
149 16/06/2003 19/06/2003 M
149 01/04/2003 19/06/2003 H
This is the perfect output according to the date break sequence. But When you
check FID '151', the date breaks are improper.
For Ex:-
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
151 16/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 15/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
So the output should come as
FID DEPFRM DEPTO MRBD
151 01/08/2003 15/08/2003 M
151 16/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
</quote>
PMJI, but you don't show the query, like Tom said -- I used just order by depto and figured it out.
BTW: you have a 'H' on MRBD for 151, 01/08/2003, 31/08/2003.
ops$marcio@MARCI9I1> select fid, depfrm, depto, mrbd
2 from t
3 where fid=151
4* order by depto
ops$marcio@MARCI9I1> /
FID DEPFRM DEPTO M
---------- ---------- ---------- -
151 01/08/2003 15/08/2003 M
151 16/08/2003 31/08/2003 M
151 01/08/2003 31/08/2003 H
regards,
query
February 26, 2004 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
1. If I have two tables one for Requests (Orders) and one for shipments linked by request_id and
each table has a child table for items. Is it possible to run a sql statement to get count of items
in each order (requested and shipped).
Requests
(request_id number(10),
request_date date);
Requested_items
(request_id number(10),
item_number number(5),
stock_number varcahr2(10),
quantity number(8))
Shipment
(shipment_id number(10),
request_id number(10),
shipment_date date)
Shipped_items
(shipment_id number(10),
item_number number(10),
stock_number varchar2(10),
quantity number )
What i want is count the items requested versus items shipped and the quantities for each request.
One request can have multiple shipments.
Request ID Tot req Items Tot req Qty
Tot ship Items Tot Qty shipped
100 5 3 1000 800
Thank you
Thank you,
Followup February 26, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
aggregate everything up to the same level, just like we did above a while back.
use inline views, get things aggregated to the request_id level and join them.
February 27, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: reader from USA
You give 3 way to get result. For performance, which one is better if we have a big table?
Followup February 27, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone:
they are in relative order in the answer.
QUESTION
February 28, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: PRS from USA
Hi Tom,
We have oracle 9.2.0.4 installed on solaris 9.
I have 2000 oracle connections to the database at a
given point of time. Means user may be doing something
or they are idle.
My question is how do I find out the number of
concurrent users at the database level at a given second
always doing something. We just want to find out the
number of concurrent users on the database.
Any help is appreciated.
Thanks,
PRS
Followup February 28, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone:
concurrently "active" or concurrent users.
select status, count(*) from v$session group by status
will in fact answer both - you'll see "inactive", "active" and perhas other status depending on
your configuration. add them up and that is the number of concurrent users. if you are just
interested in concurrent AND active users -- just use that number.
query
March 31, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
How would you do this query:
Requests
(request_id number(10),
request_date date);
Requested_items
(request_id number(10),
item_number number(5),
stock_number varcahr2(10),
quantity number(8))
Shipment
(shipment_id number(10),
request_id number(10),
shipment_date date)
Shipped_items
(shipment_id number(10),
stock_number varchar2(10),
quantity number,
code varchar2(1) )
I want to get a count of the backorder items that have been fullfilled in later shipments.
Initially when items shipped they get a code of "A" if shipped in full or "B" if it is on
backorder. Later, if the backorder item was shipped it will get a code of "A".
Let us say I have this in shipments(shipment_id,request_id,date)
100,1,04/01/04
105,2,04/05/04
and in shipped_items(shipment_id,stock_no,qty,code)
100,AC002,10,A
100,AC006,5,B
101,AC006,5,A (here backorder for request 1(item2) gets filled)
105,BB005,6,A
105,BB006,10,B (here backorder for request 2(item2) stays open).
When I run the query i should get a count of 1 since only 1 item has been marked with A and then
(same item) with B.
Followup March 31, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
no idea how your tables relate to one another or how you are tracking data -- seems very strange to
have shipped items table set up that way. shipment id 101 doesn't see to go anywhere.
if that 101 was really supposed to be 100 then a simple
select shipment_id, stock_number
from shipped_items
group by shipment_id, stock_number
having count(distinct code) = 2
gets all of the rows that you then probably want to count
select count(*)
from (
select shipment_id, stock_number
from shipped_items
group by shipment_id, stock_number
having count(distinct code) = 2
)
query
March 31, 2004 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
No I mean 101 however I forgot to include it in the shipment table. One Request can have many
shipments.
Request and shipments are linked ussing Request_ID. Shipment and Shipped_items are linked using
shipment_id.
You gave me the idea though?
select count(*)
from (
select a.request_id,b.stock_number,b.code
from shipment a, shipped_items b
where a.shipment_id = b.shipment_id
group by request_id, stock_number
having count(distinct code) = 2
)
Thank you,
query
April 8, 2004 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
In the query above I should have told you that are about 8 shipment codes and not only "A" or "B".
However I am only interested in couting the item that has a "B" ijnitially and then they shipped it
and got a code of "A". In this case what would you add to this?
having count(distinct code) = 2 and code in ('A','B')
Is this right?
Followup April 9, 2004 - 7am Central time zone:
code in ('a',b') goes in the where clause, not the having clause.
query
April 9, 2004 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Can you check why this query is not giving the right answer. In the first set of data the count
should be 0 because not one item has had two codes "A" and "B". In the second set of data I shipped
one backorder item, and the count should change to 1 but it gave me 2 instead.
I am trying to get a total count of all items that have been shipped by request that get two codes
"A" and "B".
SELECT e.request_id,disposition,f.stock_number
from shipment e, shipped_item f
where e.shipment_id = f.shipment_id(+) and
e.ship_to_org = 'DC1A' and
f.disposition in ('A','B')
group by request_id, disposition,stock_number;
REQUEST_ID D STOCK_NUMB
---------- - ----------
795 A AC008
795 A BB010
795 A CA294
795 B MA187
796 A AC008
796 A BB010
796 B CA294
select count(*) from
(
SELECT e.request_id,disposition,f.stock_number
from shipment e, shipped_item f
where e.shipment_id = f.shipment_id(+) and
e.ship_to_org = 'DC1A' and
f.disposition in ('A','B')
group by request_id, disposition,stock_number
)
group by request_id,stock_number
having count(distinct disposition)=2
no rows selected
Now when I ship one of the backorder items the count changes to 2 instead of 1.
REQUEST_ID D STOCK_NUMB
---------- - ----------
795 A AC008
795 A BB010
795 A CA294
795 A MA187
795 B MA187
796 A AC008
796 A BB010
796 B CA294
Thank you,
Followup April 10, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
should be obvious -- if the count( distinct something ) = 2, count(*) for that group will be AT
LEAST 2.... at least 2 (and maybe more).....
seems like you need two levels of aggregation here -- you want to count the groups after the fact.
use another inline view to count the rows that pass the having clause test.
help with the query
April 14, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: P from CA
hi tom,
how should i change this query so it will return only one row, where
hct.batch_num=max(hct.batch_num)...that is the first row
here is my query and the resultset
SELECT hct.batch_num,hct.batch_seq_num,hct.ap_order_num,hct.svc_num,sm.svc_num
FROM hist_cust_trans hct,service_mstr sm
WHERE hct.svc_num=sm.svc_num
AND hct.svc_type_cd=sm.svc_type_cd
AND hct.trans_status_cd not in ('NP', 'AN')
AND decode(hct.gcc_dest_num,NULL,'0','1')=sm.rstrctd_ind
AND substr(hct.ap_order_num,1,1)='T'
AND hct.svc_num=4042091777
45474 49472 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49473 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49474 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
43775 39582 TO803XY6 4042091777 4042091777
43775 39583 TO803XY6 4042091777 4042091777
43574 52701 TO8D5JX0 4042091777 4042091777
43574 52700 TO8D5JX0 4042091777 4042091777
Thank You
Followup April 15, 2004 - 7am Central time zone:
there are many ways to accomplish this. assume this is your current query and you want the row(s)
with the max(sal) reported:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select sal, empno, ename
2 from emp
3 where deptno = 20;
SAL EMPNO ENAME
---------- ---------- ----------
800 7369 SMITH
2975 7566 JONES
3000 7788 SCOTT
1100 7876 ADAMS
3000 7902 FORD
analytics get that easily:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select sal, max(sal) over () max_sal, empno, ename
2 from emp
3 where deptno = 20;
SAL MAX_SAL EMPNO ENAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
800 3000 7369 SMITH
2975 3000 7566 JONES
3000 3000 7788 SCOTT
1100 3000 7876 ADAMS
3000 3000 7902 FORD
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select *
2 from (
3 select sal, max(sal) over () max_sal, empno, ename
4 from emp
5 where deptno = 20
6 )
7 where sal = max_sal;
SAL MAX_SAL EMPNO ENAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
3000 3000 7788 SCOTT
3000 3000 7902 FORD
but that shows top-n queries can be tricky -- there are two highest salaries -- we can "solve"
that by just getting "one" if that is an issue
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select *
2 from (
3 select sal, row_number() over (order by sal DESC) rn, empno, ename
4 from emp
5 where deptno = 20
6 )
7 where rn = 1;
SAL RN EMPNO ENAME
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
3000 1 7788 SCOTT
alternatively, we can use order by in a subquery:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select *
2 from (
3 select sal, empno, ename
4 from emp
5 where deptno = 20
6 order by sal desc
7 )
8 where rownum = 1;
SAL EMPNO ENAME
---------- ---------- ----------
3000 7788 SCOTT
as well -- there are other ways (if interested, i have a list of them in my book Effective Oracle
by Design) but those are the two "easiest"
some more explanation
April 15, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: P from CA
Hi tom
Thats not what I am looking for, may be you did not understand my question (I guess I did not give
all the information)
First 2 columns make the primary key for the table and I want to return only 1 row where batch_num
is greatest. I need to pass this to an update statement meaning I am going to use it as a sub query
in an update statement (I am updating service_mstr table) so I need only one row to be returned. In
the update statement I would join svc_num to update table. So instead of hct.svc_num=4042091777 I
would use join column from update table which is service_mstr. And I cannot use rownum as I am
using it in an update statement.
so from the resultset i want to return only "TOFHNBQ2" which is from the last last group.
SELECT hct.batch_num,hct.batch_seq_num,hct.ap_order_num,hct.svc_num,sm.svc_num
FROM hist_cust_trans hct,service_mstr sm
WHERE hct.svc_num=sm.svc_num
AND hct.svc_type_cd=sm.svc_type_cd
AND hct.trans_status_cd not in ('NP', 'AN')
AND decode(hct.gcc_dest_num,NULL,'0','1')=sm.rstrctd_ind
AND substr(hct.ap_order_num,1,1)='T'
AND hct.svc_num=4042091777
43574 52701 TO8D5JX0 4042091777 4042091777
43574 52700 TO8D5JX0 4042091777 4042091777
43775 39582 TO803XY6 4042091777 4042091777
43775 39583 TO803XY6 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49472 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49473 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49474 TOFHNBQ2 4042091777 4042091777
Followup April 15, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
(i can only answer that which is actually ASKED)...
what happens if
45474 49472 TOFHNBQ2x 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49473 TOFHNBQ2y 4042091777 4042091777
45474 49474 TOFHNBQ2z 4042091777 4042091777
is the data? you'll get a random one back
but in any case
set c = substr( select max( to_char(batch_num,'fm0000000000' ) || ap_order_num )
from ....
where .....
and hct.svc_num = updated_table.svc_num ), 11 )
assuming
o batch num is a max 10 digit positive number (if larger, add more zeroes, increase 11
approapriately)
If I had lots of rows to update, i might two step this with a global temporary table and
o get all of the svc_numbers/ap_order_nums into a GTT with a primary key of svc_num
o update the join of that gtt to the details
Question
April 21, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: PRS from USA
<code>Tom,
I have a following view defined on oracle 9.2.0.4 box.
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test_view (
opportunity_id,
bo_id_cust,
wsi_account_id,
wsi_account_no,
first_name,
last_name,
opportunity_status,
long1,
td_opp_flw_up_act,
long2,
person_id,
name,
ra_campaign_id,
ra_cmpgn_name,
row_added_dttm,
row_lastmant_dttm,
next_activity_dt,
act_close_dt,
act_revenue,
est_revenue,
phone,
dummy
,note )
AS
SELECT B.opportunity_id
,B.BO_ID_CUST
,A.WSI_ACCOUNT_ID
,E.WSI_ACCOUNT_NO
,B.FIRST_NAME
,B.LAST_NAME
,B.OPPORTUNITY_STATUS
,f.xlatlongname long1
,A.TD_OPP_FLW_UP_ACT
,g.xlatlongname long2
,B.PERSON_ID
,D.NAME
,A.RA_CAMPAIGN_ID
,C.RA_CMPGN_NAME
,B.ROW_ADDED_DTTM
,B.ROW_LASTMANT_DTTM
,B.NEXT_ACTIVITY_DT
,B.ACT_CLOSE_DT
,B.ACT_REVENUE
,B.EST_REVENUE
,B.PHONE
,'' dummy
,crm_get_values_ref_cursor_pkg.get_opp_note(B.opportunity_id) note
FROM PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD A
, PS_RSF_OPPORTUNITY B
, PS_RA_CAMPAIGN C
, PS_RD_PERSON_NAME D
, PS_WSI_ACCOUNT E
,PSXLATITEM F
,PSXLATITEM G
WHERE A.OPPORTUNITY_ID = B.OPPORTUNITY_ID
AND A.RA_CAMPAIGN_ID = C.RA_CAMPAIGN_ID(+)
AND B.PERSON_ID = D.PERSON_ID(+)
AND A.WSI_ACCOUNT_ID = E.WSI_ACCOUNT_ID(+)
AND f.fieldvalue(+) = b.opportunity_status
AND f.fieldname(+) = 'OPPORTUNITY_STATUS'
AND g.fieldvalue(+) = A.TD_OPP_FLW_UP_ACT
AND g.fieldname(+) = 'TD_OPP_FLW_UP_ACT'
/
My query is as shown below.
select /*+ FIRST_ROWS */ * from test_view where person_id = '50004100' and ra_campaign_id = '4'
This query comes back in .7 second. Following is the explain plan.
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=HINT: FIRST_ROWS (Cost=6444 Card= 3300 Bytes=745800)
1 0 MERGE JOIN (OUTER) (Cost=6444 Card=3300 Bytes=745800)
2 1 MERGE JOIN (OUTER) (Cost=5619 Card=3300 Bytes=666600)
3 2 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=4794 Card=3300 Bytes=587400 )
4 3 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=3144 Card=3300 Bytes=537900)
5 4 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=2319 Card=3300 Bytes=435600)
6 5 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=1494 Card=3300 Bytes=333300)
7 6 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_RSF_OPPORTUNITY' (Cost=669 Card=3300 Bytes=264000)
8 7 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSJRSF_OPPORTUNITY' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=12 Card=3300)
9 6 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=21)
10 9 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD' (UNIQUE)
11 5 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PSXLATITEM' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=31)
12 11 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAPSXLATITEM' (NON-UNIQUE)
13 4 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PSXLATITEM' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=31)
14 13 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAPSXLATITEM' (NON-UNIQUE)
15 3 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_WSI_ACCOUNT' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=15)
16 15 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAWSI_ACCOUNT' (NON-UNIQUE ) (Cost=1 Card=1)
17 2 BUFFER (SORT) (Cost=5617 Card=1 Bytes=24)
18 17 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_RD_PERSON_NAME' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=24)
19 18 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSDRD_PERSON_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE)
20 1 BUFFER (SORT) (Cost=6442 Card=1 Bytes=24)
21 20 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'PS0RA_CAMPAIGN' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=24)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
287 recursive calls
0 db block gets
22191 consistent gets
0 physical reads
3420 redo size
58875 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
842 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
19 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
2 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
264 rows processed
As soon as I add order by clause query take 30 seconds to run. Please see below.
SQL>
1 select /*+ FIRST_ROWS */ * from test_view where person_id = '50004100' and ra_campaign_id = '4'
2* Order by person_id,row_added_dttm
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=HINT: FIRST_ROWS (Cost=12866 Card =3300 Bytes=745800)
1 0 MERGE JOIN (OUTER) (Cost=12866 Card=3300 Bytes=745800)
2 1 MERGE JOIN (OUTER) (Cost=12041 Card=3300 Bytes=666600)
3 2 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=11216 Card=3300 Bytes=587400)
4 3 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=10391 Card=3300 Bytes=485100)
5 4 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=8741 Card=3300 Bytes=435600)
6 5 NESTED LOOPS (OUTER) (Cost=7916 Card=3300 Bytes=366300)
7 6 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_RSF_OPPORTUNITY' (Cost=7091 Card=3300 Bytes=264000)
8 7 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'PSGRSF_OPPORTUNITY' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=26928 Card=3300)
9 6 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PSXLATITEM'(Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=31)
10 9 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAPSXLATITEM' (NON-UNIQUE)
11 5 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=21)
12 11 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD' (UNIQUE)
13 4 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_WSI_ACCOUNT' (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=15)
14 13 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAWSI_ACCOUNT' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1 Card=1)
15 3 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PSXLATITEM' (Cost= 2 Card=1 Bytes=31)
16 15 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSAPSXLATITEM' (NON-UNIQUE)
17 2 BUFFER (SORT) (Cost=12039 Card=1 Bytes=24)
18 17 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'PS_RD_PERSON_NAME'(Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=24)
19 18 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PSDRD_PERSON_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE)
20 1 BUFFER (SORT) (Cost=12864 Card=1 Bytes=24)
21 20 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'PS0RA_CAMPAIGN' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=24)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
294 recursive calls
0 db block gets
57940 consistent gets
0 physical reads
1140 redo size
60741 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
842 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
19 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
2 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
264 rows processed
SQL>
It uses a different index. This query comes from peoplesoft application, so that puts the hint. We do not put hint. Our tables are 35% analyzed and indexes are 100% analyzed daily in the night.
Indexes are as under on PS_RSF_OPPORTUNITY table.
psarsf_opportunity
next_activity_dt ASC,
person_id ASC
psbrsf_opportunity
bo_id_cust ASC,
bo_id_contact ASC
psdrsf_opportunity
row_lastmant_dttm ASC,
person_id ASC
psersf_opportunity
last_name ASC,
first_name ASC
psgrsf_opportunity
row_added_dttm ASC,
person_id ASC
pshrsf_opportunity
phone ASC
psjrsf_opportunity
person_id ASC,
opportunity_status ASC
pskrsf_opportunity
first_name ASC
psmrsf_opportunity
act_close_dt ASC,
person_id ASC
ps_rsf_opportunity
opportunity_id ASC
Indexes on PS_WSI_RSF_OPP_FLD tables are as under.
psawsi_rsf_opp_fld
wsi_account_id ASC
psbwsi_rsf_opp_fld
ra_campaign_id ASC
pscwsi_rsf_opp_fld
td_opp_flw_up_act ASC,
opportunity_id ASC
ps_wsi_rsf_opp_fld
opportunity_id ASC
Why order by is causing problem? Any insight
Query
April 29, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Do you know why I am not getting the answer of 5 here.
SQL> select course_no from course;
COURSE_NO
----------
1
2
3
4
5
5 rows selected.
SQL> select distinct course_no from certificate;
COURSE_NO
----------
1
2
3
4
5 rows selected.
SQL> select course_no from course where course_no not in (select distinct course_no
2 from certificate);
no rows selected
Followup April 29, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone:
give me
a) create table
b) insert into's
in order to reproduce.
query
April 30, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
This is really strange. When i replicate the tables/data in another instance I get correct resutls.
When I run the query in TEST instance it gives me corect results. Only when I run the query in
DEV instance I get the "no rows found".
Here are the DMLs:
create table course
(course_no number(2) );
create table certificate
(certificate_no number(2),
course_no number(2) );
insert into course values (1);
insert into course values (2);
insert into course values (3);
insert into course values (4);
insert into course values (5);
insert into certificate(10,1);
insert into certificate(10,2);
insert into certificate(10,3);
insert into certificate(10,4);
Followup May 1, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
post the query plans for both a working and non-working (use sql_trace=true and post the tkprof
reports for the queries making sure to point out which is which)
Query
May 1, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Brian Camire from Toronto, ON CA
It looks like you have NULL values in certificate.course_no as...
SQL> select distinct course_no from certificate;
COURSE_NO
----------
1
2
3
4
5 rows selected.
...suggests (since there were 5 rows selected instead of 4). This would cause the NOT IN operator
to return FALSE and explain the behavior you are observing.
Followup May 1, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone:
that is what I thought -- but he said the output was:
SQL> select course_no from course;
COURSE_NO
----------
1
2
3
4
5
5 rows selected.
no nulls apparent there.
Please help
May 1, 2004 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Roselyn from Hanover,Germany
Hello Sir,
Whenever we issue a Select(query) statement,whether Oracle fetches a
copy of data to be operated upon or the entire original data?
I would like to know this.
Please do reply.
Followup May 1, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
we do not "copy the data"
we use multi-versioning, if you issue a query such as:
select * from a_1_kabillion_row_table;
there will be NO IO, until you actually fetch a row, then and only then will we read data and
starting processing.
If you haven't read the Concepts Guide -- you should, especially the chapter on concurrency and
multi-versioning. It is what sets Oracle apart from all of the rest.
Query
May 1, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Brian Camire from Toronto, ON CA
Yes, but it's the certificate table that's being selected from in the subquery.
Followup May 1, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
AHHH, of course
that is it 100%
the null in there is doing it, definitely.
query
May 2, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
yes it was the null value. however i thought it should run like this:
select course_no from course where course_no not in (select distinct
course_no
from certificate);
select (1,2,3,4,5) where this not in (1,2,3,4,null)
5 is still is not in the set?
Followup May 2, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone:
it is "unknown" whether 5 is not in that set, that is the essence of NULL.
query
June 15, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
For the tables listed above, I am trying to get a report that lists several computations per
material item in the MATERIAL table as Total requests that include each item, total shipments that
include that item etc.
I got two queries working separately and I could not combine them correctly. Can and how do you do
it:
select material_id,
count(case when request_id is not null and (request_status = 'Open' or request_status = 'Partial')
and request_date < to_date('01-APR-2004') then 1 end) pending_req_cnt,
count(case when request_id is not null and request_date between to_date('01-APR-2004') and to_date
('01-JUL-2004') then 1 end) new_req_cnt,
count(case when request_id is not null and (request_status = 'Open' or request_status = 'Partial')
and request_date < to_date ('01-JUL-2004') then 1 end) remain_req_cnt
from
(
select a.request_id,a.request_date,a.request_status,priority,b.item_number,
substr(c.description,1,15) description,c.material_id
from request a,requested_item b,material c
where a.request_id(+)=b.request_id and
b.material_id(+) = c.material_id
order by a.request_id
)
group by material_id
select material_id,
count(case when shipment_id is not null then 1 end) tot_shipments
from
(
select a.shipment_id,c.material_id
from shipment a, shipped_item b, material c
where a.shipment_id(+) = b.shipment_id and
b.material_id(+) = c.material_id
order by a.shipment_id
)
group by material_id
Followup June 16, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone:
i don't know how you want them "combined".....
if you want a single row per material_id, just
select material_id, sum(cnt1), sum(cnt2), sum(cnt3), sum(cnt4)
from
(
select material_id, case( ... ) cnt1, case( .... ) cnt2,
to_number(null)cnt3, to_number(null) cnt4
from .....
group by ....
UNION ALL
select material_id, to_number(null), to_number(null),
case( ..... ) cnt3, case(....) cnt4
from ...
group by ...
)
group by material_id;
(i am assuming you would need a full outer join to put your two queries together, this trick avoids
the need for a full outer join, otherwise, if a material_id is either in BOTH results or NIETHER
result - -just join)
query
June 16, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Your way was truly brilliant. However it worked with this format:
select X.*,Y.* from
(
QUERY1
) X,
(
QUERY2
) Y
where x.material_id = y.material_id
Is your format better/faster or they both the same since they involve two table scans.
Followup June 16, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone:
they should be more or less equivalent, as long as a join is all you need.
if there are material ids in X not in Y or vice versa, you'd need the full outer join or my
technique.
Max,Min and Last value combined
June 26, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Segun Jeks from Nigeria
Tom,
Kindly assist me. I do pray i'll get your response.
I have table :
create table mkt_daily
(ddate date,
price number(5,2),
coy varchar2(9),
constraints pk_md primary key (ddate,coy));
with these data:
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('24-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.2','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('25-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.1','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('27-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.2','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('26-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.2','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('27-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.5','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('28-05-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.0','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('01-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.8','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('02-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.5','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('03-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.5','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('07-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.6','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('08-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.8','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('09-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'5.9','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('10-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.0','ASKTOM');
insert into mkt_daily values(to_date('11-06-2004','dd-mm-yyyy'),'6.1','ASKTOM');
My challenge is this: i want to fetch the max(price)High, min(price)Low and
last(price)"Closing_Price" for every week.
i.e
week high low Closing_Price
22 6.2 5.2 6.0
23 6.8 5.5 5.5
24 6.1 5.6 6.1
I have tried:
a) select max(price)high,to_char(ddate,'IW') from mkt_daily GROUP BY to_char(ddate,'IW');
b) select min(price),to_char(ddate,'IW') from mkt_daily GROUP BY to_char(ddate,'IW');
Thanks for your anticipated positive response.
Followup June 26, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select to_char(ddate,'iw'), max(price), min(price),
2 to_number( substr( max(to_char(ddate,'yyyymmdd')||price), 9)) mp
3 from mkt_daily
4 group by to_char(ddate,'iw')
5 /
TO MAX(PRICE) MIN(PRICE) MP
-- ---------- ---------- ----------
22 6.2 5.2 6
23 6.8 5.5 5.5
24 6.1 5.6 6.1
Max,min and last combined
June 28, 2004 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: Segun Jeks from Nigeria
Tom,
Many thanks. I am impressed.Your response was timely and fantastic.
Do you have any book that I can read to understand some of the sql tricks, especially combining the
sql functions to get desired results like you just did.
Followup June 28, 2004 - 8am Central time zone:
well, mostly they are not 'tricks', they are the results of doing SQL for 17 years ;)
What I do (did) is list out the requirements in english to understand the question.
"by week, report the min price, the max price and the last price (price with the highest date for
that week)"
That said it all -- it was easy after that. min/max -- trivial. The only 'hard' one was the "last
price". I wrote about that a while ago:
http://otn.oracle.com/oramag/oracle/02-sep/o52asktom.html PLAYING WITH AGGREGATION
and demonstrated a couple of techniques. Since we were already aggregating (the by week told me
that), i used the technique of encoding the thing we needed to max (the date) in a string and
putting the related fields on the end of the string - so we'd get the data for the max(date) plus
the other stuff - to substring back out.
if you are interested:
http://asktom.oracle.com/~tkyte/asktom_articles.html
has links to 4 years of columns -- each one pretty much has a different technique or two in it. (i
also wrote about many of them in my books as well).
Anyone out there have a favorite "sql tricks" book?
quesiton on query rewriting
June 29, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
somewhere on your site I saw a way of changing
the text of a query using a pl/sql package ( I think.) This is
useful for queries that you can not directly change
(3rd party application) and so want to intercept
it and silently modify it before executing...
Can you please point me to the thread or give the pl/sql
package name that does it?
thanx!
thanx!
June 29, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
query
July 9, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Is there a way to do sql query on a number value(use between) for a varchar2 field that has values
as either numbers or text. I want to search only the number values for field between 5000 and 6000.
is it possible?
Followup July 9, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone:
you'd need to first validate that what you have is in fact a number. if you expected only
"digits", you can use replace/translate to determine that the string you have contains only the
characters 0..9 and then to_number it.
You should have *some* metadata in your generic (as life goes on i am beginning to hate generic)
implementation that you can look at to see if it is a number or not. If not, you just have random
bits and bytes.
SQL Query
July 10, 2004 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
How can I return multiple rows as a single row using sql queries?
From SQL*Plus, how can I return a single row when the result set contains multiple rows.
For example:
select tablespace_name from dba_segments
returns
SYSTEM
USER
TEMP
but I want this to return as 'SYSTEM','USER','TEMP'.
How can I achieve this from SQL*plus using sql queries?
Followup July 10, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
search this site for stragg
single row result for multiple rows
July 19, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Mir from Houston, TX
i am trying to write a sql query which will publish single row info from multiple rows.
create table t(
id number,
cusid number,
cat varchar2(3))
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (1,1,'crd')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (2,2,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (3,2,'crd')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (4,2,'lns')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (5,3,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (6,3,'crd')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (7,4,'lns')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (8,4,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (9,4,'crd')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (10,5,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (11,6,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (12,6,'ins')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (13,7,'lns')
/
INSERT INTO t VALUES (14,7,'lns')
/
from the above data i want ID, CUSID = CUSID where cat = 'crd' OR CUSID should be the first value
from the group
the output should be
id cusid cat
1 1 crd
3 2 crd
6 3 crd
9 4 crd
10 5 ins
11 6 ins
13 7 lns
Thanks
Followup July 19, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone:
CUSID = CUSID where cat = 'crd' OR CUSID should
be the first value from the group
doesn't make sense to me. "cusid = cusid"?? "first value from the group"?? what group?
near as I can tell, you might mean:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select distinct
2 first_value(id) over (partition by cusid order by decode(cat,'crd',1,2), cat ) fid,
3 cusid,
4 first_value(cat) over (partition by cusid order by decode(cat,'crd',1,2), cat ) fcat
5 from t
6 /
FID CUSID FCA
---------- ---------- ---
1 1 crd
3 2 crd
6 3 crd
9 4 crd
10 5 ins
11 6 ins
13 7 lns
7 rows selected.
Need help with combining multiple queries
July 20, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: denni50 from NA
Hi Tom
could you please help with the following queries.
I would like to combine them into one massive(relatively
speaking) query. I have them all working correctly
independently. I now have analytics so that would be
even better.
Finds first gift given by donor:
select i.giftamount,i.giftdate
from gift i,acga_dr a where i.giftdate in(select min(g.giftdate)
from gift g
where g.idnumber=i.idnumber
and g.giftamount>0)
and i.idnumber=a.idnumber
Finds last gift given by donor:
select i.giftamount,i.giftdate
from gift i,acga_dr a where i.giftdate in(select max(g.giftdate)
from gift g
where g.idnumber=i.idnumber
and g.giftamount>0)
and i.idnumber=a.idnumber
Performs aggregates on individual donor history and
inserts into new table:
begin
for i in(select
g.idnumber,sum(g.giftamount)LTGifts,count(g.giftamount)LTCount,max(g.giftamount)LargestGift,
min(g.giftdate)FirstGiftDate,max(g.giftdate)LastGiftDate
from gift g,acga_drL a
where g.idnumber=a.idnumber
group by g.idnumber
)loop
insert into acga_drL(ltgifts,ltcount,largestgift,firstgiftdate,lastgiftdate)
values(i.ltgifts,i.ltcount,i.largestgift,i.firstgiftdate,i.lastgiftdate);
end loop;
end;
thanks!..(sorry about the formatting here)
Followup July 20, 2004 - 8pm Central time zone:
why did you run the first two queries? where did you use that output?
first 2 queries(should have explained better)
July 20, 2004 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: denni50 from NA
I haven't done anything with them yet. I just ran those to
test and see if the correct results would get produced(which
they did).
Now I want to include them as part of the "insert" query
so that the results(will create columns) of the first 2 queries can be combined with the columns of
the insert query...and that's where I'm kind of stuck.
hope this makes more sense... :~)
ps: analytics is really cool and man does it speed things up
Followup July 20, 2004 - 10pm Central time zone:
are all of the table names right? the L on the end of some but not others?
two tables
July 21, 2004 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: denni50 from NA
The acga_drL table is the actual table the acga_dr table
is a copy for testing purposes.
Upon testing the 2 queries for correctness using the
test table(acga_dr) I would then combine the two queries
with the insert query to insert the results to the
acga_drL table.
thanks
Followup July 21, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
please clarify -- how many tables will the *real* thing be against?
is "acga_dr" there for the long haul -- the example confuses me with two tables, one of which might
not be there for "long"
where I am heading is:
select g.idnumber,
sum(g.giftamount) LTGifts,
count(g.giftamount) LTCount,
max(g.giftamount) LargestGift,
min(g.giftdate) FirstGiftDate,
max(g.giftdate)LastGiftDate,
to_number(substr(max( case when g.giftamount>0 then
to_char(g.giftdate,'yyyymmddhh24miss')||g.giftamount end), 15 )),
to_number(substr(min( case when g.giftamount>0 then
to_char(g.giftdate,'yyyymmddhh24miss')||g.giftamount end), 15 )),
from gift g,acga_dr a
where g.idnumber=a.idnumber
group by g.idnumber
which uses the technique from:
http://otn.oracle.com/oramag/oracle/02-sep/o52asktom.html
"Playing with aggregation" to get the giftamount for the min/max date.
thanks Tom..
July 21, 2004 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
sorry for the obvious confusion(I'm still developing the
plan as I go along).
I was just given this assignment yesterday with a friday
deadline.
This is a donor research project and what I'm looking at is this:
a) first find all the lapsed donors with 2+ years on file
with a lastgiftamount > 0 between 18-36 months.
I already have that data and inserted that into acga_dr
b) of those donors give us:
Lifetime giftamounts
Lifetime count of gifts
Largest gift amount
First gift date
Last giftdate
First giftamount
Last giftamount
(I am at this stage)
c)then give us an annual cumulative giving history based
on the date of the lastgiftamount>0,-12 months.
This sum will fall into buckets(example):
$10-74 bucket
$75-149 "
$150-499 "
...and so on
d) then give a report on how many of the donors fall
into the above buckets...along with the column results
from step b.
my plan is to use one table to get the results from step
a, use that table to gather the data for steps b & c and
put those results into a separate table. Then create a
view to process the results from both tables for output to a .txt or .csv file.
If you have a better solution I'm all eyes and "ears"
hth
that last post is mine..forgot to insert my username
July 21, 2004 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: denni50 from NA
THANKS TOM!
July 21, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: denni50 from NA
your query did the trick as as far as getting the
First Giftamount and Last Giftamount.
one last question(so I understand your case statement and
can learn from it).
why did you use to_number,substr and to_char to achieve
the results and what does '15' represent?
one last THANKS!
Followup July 21, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
the 15 removes the leading 14 characters of yyyymmddhh24miss information (the date :)
we glued the date on front in a fixed width field that "sorts string wise" and minned/maxxed that.
that'll give us the giftamount we glued onto the end -- which we just substr off.
SQL tricks
August 20, 2004 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: Syed from London
Hi Tom
your ability to do things with SQL is so impressive Like a previous reply, i'm sure many of us
would love a small book / list of top 20 SQL tricks etc.
Anyway, I am sure the following cursor / loop could be combined inot a single SQL statements
(following your mantra of do it in a single statement if possible), but am not sure how to go about
it ?
cursor c1 is
select
y.rowid get_rowid
from
tab1 y,
(select col1, max(col2) collection from tab1 group by col1) x
where
x.col1 = y.col1
and
x.collection = y.collection;
for REC in c1 loop
insert into tab2 (a, b)
select
tab1.clid,
tab2.blid
from
tab1, tab2
where
tab1.rowid = REC.get_rowid
and
tab1.clid = tab2.blid(+)
end loop;
Thanks
Syed
Followup August 20, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
insert into tab2 (a, b)
select
tab1.clid,
tab2.blid
from
tab1, tab2, (YOUR CURSOR QUERY) tab3
where
tab1.rowid = tab3.get_rowid
and
tab1.clid = tab2.blid(+)
/
just "join" -- you are doing the classic "do it yourself nested loop join" there.
using analytics you could further simplify this. looks like you want the row from tab1 such that
col2 is the max grouped by col1:
from
(select ...
from (select ..., max(col2) over (partition by col1) max_col2
from tab1 )
where col2 = max_col2) tab1, tab2
where tab1.xxx = tab2.xxxx (+)
would do that.
Brilliant
August 23, 2004 - 5am Central time zone
Reviewer: Syed from London
simplify further
August 23, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Tom Burrows from Sweden
Hi tom
Can you show the final query from above with the analytical function in it ?
Thanks
Tom
Followup August 23, 2004 - 10am Central time zone:
i did?!?
max(col2) over (partition by col1) max_col2
is the analytic
Why doesn't it work!!!!!!!!!!
August 23, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I am executing the following query:
select
c.cmpname Company,
to_char(t.trnsaledate,'Day, DD-fmMonth-YYYY') Fecha,
TO_CHAR(sum(r.recvalue),'9,999,999,999.00') Total
from
stkrecord r,
stktransaction t,
stkcompany c
where
t.trnsaledate > to_date('30-Jul-2004','DD-Mon-YYYY')
and t.trnsaledate < to_date('23-Aug-2004','DD-Mon-YYYY')
and to_char(t.trnsaledate,'Day') = 'Friday'
and c.cmpid = t.trncmpid
and r.rectrnID = t.trnID
group by c.cmpname, to_char(t.trnsaledate,'Day, DD-fmMonth-YYYY')
It returns me 0 rows.
Why does not the sentence and to_char(t.trnsaledate,'Day') = 'Friday' work.
Am I doing anything wrong? I need only the data for Friday.
Is the approach wrong?
Thanks as always......
Followup August 23, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select '"' || to_char(d,'Day') || '"'
2 from ( select sysdate+rownum d from all_users where rownum <= 7);
'"'||TO_CHA
-----------
"Tuesday "
"Wednesday"
"Thursday "
"Friday "
"Saturday "
"Sunday "
"Monday "
7 rows selected.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> 1
1* select '"' || to_char(d,'Day') || '"'
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> c/Day/fmDay/
1* select '"' || to_char(d,'fmDay') || '"'
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> /
'"'||TO_CHA
-----------
"Tuesday"
"Wednesday"
"Thursday"
"Friday"
"Saturday"
"Sunday"
"Monday"
7 rows selected.
trailing blanks -- fm, the format modifier, trims them.
probably better to use:
where to_char(t.trnsaledate,'d') =
to_char(to_date('31-dec-1965','dd-mon-yyyy'),'d')
that 31-dec-1965 is a friday, it'll tell us the day of the week a friday is using your NLS
setting....
It is safe (no whitespace)
It is international (works in places that spell friday differently!)
August 23, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
function in order by clause
August 24, 2004 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: friend
hai tom,
i have one function fun
this returns 1
if i use this function in the following query
> select * from table_name order by fun;
fun in order by clause
it's not giving any syntactic error but it simply ignoring the order by clause
??? is it correct to use functions in order by clause
??? can we use functions after " from clause" insted of table name, by returing that table name
from function
Followup August 24, 2004 - 8am Central time zone:
if the function fun returns the constant one, how can you possibly say "it is ignoring it"
??????
select * from table_name order by 'X';
think about that -- what does that do - it orders by the constant 'X'
perhaps you are thinking that:
select * from table_name order by f()
where f() returns the number 1 is the same as:
select * from table_name order by 1;
-- but it cannot be (think about this:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create table t as select 1 xxx from all_users;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select * from t order by xxx;
XXX
----------
1
1
1
....
here xxx is not ANY DIFFERENT than your function f())
You are simply ordering by a constant, you are NOT specifying to "order by column 1"
excellent Sql
August 25, 2004 - 4am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from CHINA
Hi,Tom ,Your sql is very userful to me,thankyou
How to get distinct values from a table?
September 2, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: RB from NJ
Tom:
I have a table
TABLE A
(src varchar2(30)
Dest varchar2(30),
Start_date DATE,
End_date DATE,
Sent_bytes NUMBER(30)
Received_Bytes NUMBER(30)
);
This is what I am doing now:
We obtain the first connection to the database
We send the initial SQL statement select * from A using the first connection. The first
connection returns a ResultSet, which contains metadata about the columns of table A and a pointer
to the first record We obtain a second connection to the database
For each column defined by the metadata (repeat):
We send a new SQL statement select distinct(src) from (select * from A) order by src desc using
the second connection.
The second connection returns a ResultSet, which contains all the distinct values of src in
descending order
We pre-initialize dimension(src) using the records in this second ResultSet
Close the second connection to the database
Allocate the number of records defined by the first connections ResultSet
Now extract all the records returned by the first connections ResultSet populating our data
structure with data
Once data is made available, the application can now define a visualization for this data
We extract out and define each dimension and their unique values in order to optimize user
interactions and queries.
The problem is performance is really bad because we are doing column by column and doing distinct
on top and sorting on top.
Is there a best way so that I can get the result that I want. If I can get the whole thing in one
fetch that will be great - again this is just a sample table - our original table has 20+ columns
and 300 million records - this table grows as well.
Any help is greatly appreciated
R
Followup September 2, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone:
how many bad things did I see in the first paragraph!!
why you have more than one connection is far far far beyond my comprehension.
but beyond that -- why do you need the distinct values -- what are you doing? do you really
retrieve 300million records to a client application????
How to get distinct values from a table?
September 2, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: R from NJ
Tom:
Having multiple connection - When I saw the code I felt the same way. I have already reommended
them to use a single connection.
Dinstinct Values -
We are developing a visualization package. To chart the data properly the application requires to
get all the distinct values from each column.
RIght now for each column one query is being executed. I would like to eliminate that and get all
the columns in one query if possible.
R
Followup September 2, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create or replace procedure all_distinct_values( p_tname in varchar2, p_cursor
in out sys_refcursor )
2 as
3 l_stmt long := 'select distinct ';
4 l_decode_1 long := 'decode( r';
5 l_decode_2 long := 'decode( r';
6 l_decode_3 long := 'decode( r';
7 begin
8
9 for x in (select column_id, data_type, column_name,
10 decode( data_type, 'DATE', 'to_char(' || column_name || ',
''yyyymmddhh24miss'' )',
11 'NUMBER', 'to_char(' || column_name || ' )',
12 column_name) fcname
13 from user_tab_columns where table_name = p_tname)
14 loop
15 l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' || x.column_name || '''';
16 l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' || x.data_type || '''';
17 l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ' || x.fcname ;
18 end loop;
19 l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ') cname, ';
20 l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ') dtype, ';
21 l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ') value';
22
23 l_stmt := l_stmt || l_decode_1 || l_decode_2 || l_decode_3 || ' from ' || p_tname ||
24 ', (select rownum r from user_tab_columns where table_name = :x )';
25 open p_cursor for l_stmt using p_tname;
26 end;
27 /
Procedure created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> show errors
No errors.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> drop table emp;
Table dropped.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create table emp as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> variable x refcursor
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> exec all_distinct_values( 'EMP', :x );
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> print x
CNAME DTYPE VALUE
-------- -------- ----------------------------------------
COMM NUMBER 0
COMM NUMBER 1400
COMM NUMBER 300
COMM NUMBER 500
COMM NUMBER
DEPTNO NUMBER 10
DEPTNO NUMBER 20
......
Would you please explain this stored procedure?
September 2, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Vipul from NY
This is so cool - Would you please explain this stored procedure line by line so that those who are
not that familiar with some of these techniques will be benefited?
I read close to 50+ queries and responses today - I never so this kind of technical resources
anywhere else. Thanks Tom.
Vipul
Followup September 3, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create or replace procedure prt ( p_str in varchar2 )
2 is
3 l_str long := p_str;
4 begin
5 loop
6 exit when l_str is null;
7 dbms_output.put_line( substr( l_str, 1, 250 ) );
8 l_str := substr( l_str, 251 );
9 end loop;
10 end;
11 /
Procedure created.
if we add a prt call to the procedure, you see what it does:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> exec all_distinct_values( 'EMP', :x );
select distinct decode( r, 1, 'EMPNO', 2, 'ENAME', 3, 'JOB', 4, 'MGR', 5,
'HIREDATE', 6, 'SAL', 7, 'COMM', 8, 'DEPTNO') cname, decode( r, 1, 'NUMBER', 2,
'VARCHAR2', 3, 'VARCHAR2', 4, 'NUMBER', 5, 'DATE', 6, 'NUMBER', 7, 'NUMBER', 8,
'NUMBER') dtype,
decode( r, 1, to_char(EMPNO ), 2, ENAME, 3, JOB, 4, to_char(MGR ), 5,
to_char(HIREDATE, 'yyyymmddhh24miss' ), 6, to_char(SAL ), 7, to_char(COMM ), 8,
to_char(DEPTNO )) value from EMP, (select rownum r from user_tab_columns where
table_name = :x )
it (the procedure) doesn't do much, the query does all of the work.
All we do is build a 3 column query. We'll start at the end though -- the cartesian product.
Basically, we want to take each row in EMP and output it once for each column in that row. (eg:
emp has 8 columns -- the first row in emp should be output 8 times -- once for each column). We
use rownum R from user_tab_columns for that -- we KNOW user_tab_columns will have *at least* enough
rows since it has a row/column.
Then, we output three columns:
column 1 -- is going to be the column name. The first time we output row 1, we'll pump out
"EMPNO", the second time we output row 1 -- ENAME and so on.
column 2 -- the datatype, I'm assuming the application would want this
column 3 -- the value -- taking care to convert everything to a "string" and taking extra care with
dates.
Is there a limit of records that the variable x can hold?
September 2, 2004 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: R from NJ
Tom:
Thanks a lot for the solution. This is exactly what I was looking for.
If the table has several million records, do u think the variable can hold that many records or is
there a limit?
R
Followup September 3, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
you will exceed your end users patience well before you exceed an Oracle result set (eg: it is just
a query, a cursor, a result set -- it is not a "variable holding data in memory" really)
How do we get this data in a sorted order - desc or asc
September 2, 2004 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Alex from CA
Tom - How can get the result set in a sorted order - asc or desc order?
Followup September 3, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
add an order by ?
order by clause
September 7, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: vipul from NY
Tom - would you please point me in the stored procedure where I can put that order by <column_name>
clause? so that the data will be in a sorted order. somehow I couldnt figure this out and I am
getting compilation error.
Followup September 7, 2004 - 2pm Central time zone:
umm, it is just a "sql query"? order by's go on the end of it.
suggest you print it out (like I did), cut and paste it, add the order by (to get the syntax
correct) and modify the code.
you probably just want to add:
order by 1, 3
to the end of the query to order by column name and within a column name by the values.
please take a look at it
September 7, 2004 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: vipul from NY
Tom:
Here is what I have done and still its giving me error when I execute the query. I have made the
changes where we create the statement. Please help to resolve this issue.
What I am looking for is that the value field sorted and grouped by column name
create or replace procedure all_distinct_values( p_tname in
varchar2, p_cursor in out sys_refcursor )
as
l_stmt long := 'select distinct ';
l_decode_1 long := 'decode( r';
l_decode_2 long := 'decode( r';
l_decode_3 long := 'decode( r';
begin
for x in (select column_id, data_type, column_name,
decode( data_type, 'DATE', 'to_char(' || column_name
|| ', ''yyyymmddhh24miss'' )',
'NUMBER', 'to_char(' || column_name
|| ' )',
column_name) fcname
from user_tab_columns where table_name = p_tname)
loop
l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' ||
x.column_name || '''';
l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' ||
x.data_type || '''';
l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ' || x.fcname
;
end loop;
l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ') cname, ';
l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ') dtype, ';
l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ') value';
l_stmt := l_stmt || l_decode_1 || l_decode_2 || l_decode_3 || ' from '
|| p_tname || ' order by 1, 3 ' ||
', (select rownum r from user_tab_columns where table_name = :x)';
open p_cursor for l_stmt using p_tname;
end;
Followup September 7, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone:
order by's go AT THE END OF A QUERY.
you have
... from TABLE order by 1, 3 , ( select rownum r from user....)
please -- take a second to take a look at these things. If you were to have printed this out on
your screen, it might have been forehead smacking "obvious"?
prt procedure and its use
September 7, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: keshav from Chennai, India
How do you make a prt call to the procedure? Or how did you get the detailed view of the proecedure
that you wrote when you explained the procedure?
Followup September 7, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone:
the code to prt is given along with the "detailed view" above?
There is a strange behaviour with SAL column?
September 7, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: vipul from NY
Tom - Attached is the updated procedure. I have tried with the SCOTT.EMP table and I got the result
correctly except the last column "SAL". There two values out of order and the rest looks good. This
is the results that I got with the SAL COLUMN - The first two rows in this result set is not sorted
in the right way.
SAL NUMBER 950
SAL NUMBER 800
SAL NUMBER 5000
SAL NUMBER 3000
SAL NUMBER 2975
CNAME DTYPE VALUE
-------- -------- ---------
SAL NUMBER 2850
SAL NUMBER 2450
SAL NUMBER 1600
SAL NUMBER 1500
SAL NUMBER 1300
SAL NUMBER 1250
SAL NUMBER 1100
Modified procedure - sorry for my mistakes in the prev query
create or replace procedure all_distinct_values( p_tname in
varchar2, p_cursor in out sys_refcursor )
as
l_stmt long := 'select distinct ';
l_decode_1 long := 'decode( r';
l_decode_2 long := 'decode( r';
l_decode_3 long := 'decode( r';
begin
for x in (select column_id, data_type, column_name,
decode( data_type, 'DATE', 'to_char(' || column_name
|| ', ''yyyymmddhh24miss'' )',
'NUMBER', 'to_char(' || column_name
|| ' )',
column_name) fcname
from user_tab_columns where table_name = p_tname)
loop
l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' ||
x.column_name || '''';
l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ''' ||
x.data_type || '''';
l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ', ' || x.column_id || ', ' || x.fcname
;
end loop;
l_decode_1 := l_decode_1 || ') cname, ';
l_decode_2 := l_decode_2 || ') dtype, ';
l_decode_3 := l_decode_3 || ') value';
l_stmt := l_stmt || l_decode_1 || l_decode_2 || l_decode_3 || ' from '
|| p_tname ||
', (select rownum r from user_tab_columns where table_name = :x ) order by 1,3 desc ';
open p_cursor for l_stmt using p_tname;
end;
Followup September 7, 2004 - 3pm Central time zone:
because everything is sorted "as a string"
so, use:
24 ', (select rownum r from user_tab_columns where table_name = :x )
25 order by 1,
26 decode( dtype, ''NUMBER'', null, value ),
27 decode(dtype, ''NUMBER'', to_number(value) )';
28 open p_cursor for l_stmt using p_tname;
29 end;
30 /
to order by cname and if a string/date (dates are sortable as encoded) then by that, else by
to_number of the number...
where clause
September 8, 2004 - 2am Central time zone
Reviewer: karthick from india
i have two tables sl_master and br_master
both have a field sub_code.
sl_master --> sub_code -- type is char(6)
br_master --> sub_code -- type is char(10)
i gave the join condition,
"where sl_master.sub_code = br_master.sub_code"
but it is not equating properly.
but when i gave the conditin as
"where trim(sl_master.sub_code) = trim(br_master.sub_code)"
it works fine.
the data in both the tables sub_code field are "CLNT01".
Why is it so.
Followup September 8, 2004 - 9am Central time zone:
oh, it is equating "properly"
but the facts of life are
'KING ' <> 'KING '
^^ ^^^^^^
i despise the char(n) type -- a char(n) is nothing more than a varchar2(n) with trailing blanks.
you should never use char.
In your case, you are doing to want to trim OR rpad one or the other - but not both.
say you have
from S, B
where s.something = :x
and s.sub_code = b.sub_code
here, you probably use an index on something to find S rows and you want to then use the index on
b(sub_code) to find the related B rows. so, you should apply the function to S.sub_code:
from S, B
where s.something = :x
and rpad( s.sub_code, 10 ) = b.sub_code
so the indexes on s(something) and b(sub_code) can be used.
conversely:
from S, B
where b.something = :x
and s.sub_code = b.sub_code
would lead me towards:
from S, B
where b.something = :x
and s.sub_code = trim(b.sub_code)
instead
if you have:
from S, B
where s.something = :x
and b.something_else = :y
and s.sub_code = b.sub_code
well, then YOU pick one or the other.
But, I would encourage you to change your char's to varchar2's if you are still in design mode.
To karthick
September 8, 2004 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: Marco van der Linden from The Netherlands
Because of the datatypes..........
> sl_master --> sub_code -- type is char(6)
> br_master --> sub_code -- type is char(10)
.....the join condition
"where sl_master.sub_code = br_master.sub_code"
equates to 'CLNT01' = 'CLNT01 '
which is obviously not equal.
If the datatypes would have been VARchar(n)
"where sl_master.sub_code = br_master.sub_code"
would return a result, UNLESS the value inserted into br_master.sub_code had been 'CLNT01 '
why so...
September 8, 2004 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: P.Karthick from India
is there any specific reason for having that difference between char and varchar2.....
Followup September 8, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone:
because it is what makes a CHAR a CHAR -- it is a fixed length character string padded out with
blanks (the standard bodies said so)...
Strange Result Showing up while executing a Query
September 13, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Sujit from India
Dear Tom,
I am executing the query "select * from scott.emp where (1 = 0 or empno = 7369) and 1 = 0;" in
Oracle "Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0". But it's faching one row where as it should
fetch none as "1 = 0" shouls always be evaluated to FALSE.
SQL> select * from scott.emp where (1 = 0 or empno = 7369) and 1 = 0;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
SQL>
Kindly Advice.....
Regards...
Sujit
Followup September 13, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.5.0 - Production
scott@ORA9IR2> select * from scott.emp where (1 = 0 or empno = 7369) and 1 = 0;
no rows selected
scott@ORA9IR2> alter session set optimizer_goal=first_rows;
Session altered.
scott@ORA9IR2> select * from scott.emp where (1 = 0 or empno = 7369) and 1 = 0;
no rows selected
I cannot reproduce.... please contact support for this one.
faster way to select distinct records?
September 13, 2004 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: celia Wang from USA
Table t1(c1 NUMBER)
C1
1
2
Table t2 (c1, number, c2 char(1), c3 varchar2(5))
C1 C2 C3
1 Y M1
1 Y M2
1 N M3
2 Y A1
2 N A2
The relationship t1 and t2 is one to many through t1.c1 = t2.c1
The purpose is to query all rows in table t1 when t2.c2 = Y
Select DISTINCT t1.c1
From t1, t2
Where t1.c1 = t2.c1
And t2.c3 = Y
If I have million of row in table t1, this query runs very slow. So, distinct is very expensive
performance.
Select t1.c1
From t1,
(select distinct c1, c2 from t2
where c2= Y) a
where t1.c1 = a.c1
By using embedded SQL, the elapsed time has been decreased by 50%.
Do you have any better way to accomplish the same result?
Thanks a lot.
Followup September 13, 2004 - 9pm Central time zone:
it would have been natural to use "in"
select c1 from t1 where c1 in ( select c1 from t2 where c2 = 'Y' );
To Sujit
September 13, 2004 - 9pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
You used 92010, Tom used 92015. Perhaps this is a bug
fixed in a patchset?
Strange Cases in Oracle 9i (9.2.0.1.0)
September 14, 2004 - 5am Central time zone
Reviewer: Sujit from India
Yes i Also think it's some kind of Bug with 9.2.0.1.0 vertion.
SQL*Plus: Release 9.0.1.0.1 - Production on Tue Sep 14 14:09:24 2004
(c) Copyright 2001 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL> set lin 2000
SQL> select * from scott.emp where (1 = 0 or empno = 7369) and 1 = 0;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800 20
SQL>
Anyways thanks TOM for your reply.
Regards...
Sujit
Doubts / Error in Group By
September 20, 2004 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: Udanks from India
Hi Tom,
I have a table supplier which has supplier ID and Supplier Name. I have another table Order_formats
which has Order_ID - which is unique for every order placed and Order_XML which holds all the
information regarding the order placed. When I run the following query
SELECT T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal(),
--s.supplier_name,
--formats.order_id,
COUNT(DISTINCT(formats.order_id)) OrderCount,
COUNT(formats.order_id) ItemCount,
--T.extract('/ItemOut/Components/ExtendedPriceFloat/text()').getNumberVal() ItemPrice,
SUM(T.extract('/ItemOut/Components/ExtendedPriceFloat/text()').getNumberVal()) ItemTotal
FROM ORDER_FORMATS1 formats,
TABLE(XMLSEQUENCE(EXTRACT(order_xml,'//ItemOut'))) T,
SUPPLIERS s
WHERE T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
= s.supplier_id (+)
GROUP BY T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
ORDER BY
T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
which is correct answer.
SUP_ID
-----------------------------------------
ORDERCOUNT ITEMCOUNT ITEMTOTAL
---------- ---------- ----------
000072
2 2 1.1
054054
1 1 200
30000072
4 4 73.15
30054054
1 1 -77.5
30068737
1 1 89.9
30361119
1 1 65.25
But when I try to add supplier_name, order_id,
1 SELECT T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal() Sup_ID,
2 s.supplier_name,
3 formats.order_id,
4 COUNT(DISTINCT(formats.order_id)) OrderCount,
5 COUNT(formats.order_id) ItemCount,
6 T.extract('/ItemOut/Components/ExtendedPriceFloat/text()').getNumberVal() ItemPrice,
7 SUM(T.extract('/ItemOut/Components/ExtendedPriceFloat/text()').getNumberVal()) ItemTotal
8 FROM ORDER_FORMATS1 formats,
9 TABLE(XMLSEQUENCE(EXTRACT(order_xml,'//ItemOut'))) T,
10 SUPPLIERS s
11 WHERE T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
12 = s.supplier_id (+)
13 GROUP BY T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
14 ORDER BY
15* T.extract('/ItemOut/ItemID/SupplierPartID/text()').getStringVal()
SQL> /
s.supplier_name,
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
Where I am going wrong ... plz do let me know.
Followup September 20, 2004 - 10am Central time zone:
seems self explainatory?
It is still such a bummer you've taken the worlds most structured problem ever -- Orders and Line
Items -- and made it "really cool" via XML.
look at your query, you have the equivalent of:
select a, b, c
from t
group by a
what about B? what about C? any column that is not aggregated would have to be grouped by.
sql joins
September 22, 2004 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Ishaque Hussain from Fords, NJ USA
I have heard that doing a what I call "loop join" is not a good practice in sql. What I am
referring to here is having three tables x,y,z. x is joined to y, y is joined to z and x is joined
to z. I know that the design should change but in this case, I can't change the design. However,
in terms of data I need to join one of the columns in table x with one of the columns in z. Is it
a bad idea to have this type of "loop join".
I have done tests on my personal oracle and the result sets that I am getting using this so called
"loop join" are correct. I just wanted to get your opinion on this one.
SELECT DISTINCT
HDR.HDR_NUM,
ITEM.INVC_NO,
ITEM.INVC_DT,
ITEM.PROD_CD,
HDR.DM_NO,
TRCG.DM_NO,
DISTRNO
FROM HDR, --this is x
ITEM, --this is y
TRCG --this is z
WHERE HDR.HDR_NUM = ITEM.HDR_NUM
AND ITEM.INVC_NO = TRCG.INVC_NO
AND ITEM.INVC_DT = TRCG.INVC_DT
AND ITEM.PROD_CD = TRCG.PROD_CD
AND HDR.DM_NO = TRCG.DM_NO
Thanks,
Ishaque
Followup September 22, 2004 - 7am Central time zone:
umm, you heard wrong. where have you heard that normalization (which is what you've basically done
here) is "wrong"?
You should use the CBO for sure, it'll be brutally efficient and full scan the three tables, hash
joining them.
question for you -- are you sure that distinct is necessary -- not possible to tell from where I
sit, but are you sure you need it?
sql query
September 22, 2004 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Ishaque Hussain from Fords, NJ USA
I have actually ran the query and it is efficient(I actually have parameters which I didn't include
here) and you are correct in that I don't need the distinct. I like normalization and I like to use
it as well. My concern was having what I call the "loop" (I made this terminology up so I can have
a name for what I was trying to describe). "Normally" in a situation like this x would be joined
to y, and y would be joined to z. However, in this situation, I am joing z back to x because of
that dm_no column which would "close the circuit". I didn't see anything wrong with this. I have
done a report and I didn't do the hdr to trcg (x to z join) because somebody mentioned it wasn't a
good idea. Lesson learned, don't always listen to others instead try it for yourself first.
Thanks,
Ishaque
How to write this query
September 24, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
CREATE TABLE DTAB( DKEY NUMBER(10))
/
CREATE TABLE IDTAB(DKEY NUMBER(10),
AAFLAG VARCHAR2(1))
/
INSERT INTO DTAB VALUES(1)
/
INSERT INTO DTAB VALUES(2)
/
INSERT INTO DTAB VALUES(3)
/
INSERT INTO DTAB VALUES(4)
/
INSERT INTO DTAB VALUES(5)
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(1,'Y')
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(2, 'Y')
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(2,'N')
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(3, 'Y')
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(3,'N')
/
INSERT INTO IDTAB VALUES(4,'N')
/
My requirement is to
1.select those dkey's in idtab table where for a given dkey the aaflag is 'Y' or both 'Y' and 'N'
2.do not select those dkeys where aaflag is just 'N' for a given dkey
3.select all those dkeys which are in dtab table and are not in idtab table.
Please help
Followup September 24, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone:
select distinct dkey from idtab where aaflag = 'Y'
gets 1 & 2 ok.
3) seems to be another query?? for we are back to the full idtab again? that would be
select * from dtab where dkey not in ( select dkey from idtab );
September 24, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Well, Tom how can you combine the above two ?
Followup September 24, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone:
i have no idea, they are asking two different questions.
Merging 2 Queries!
October 12, 2004 - 11pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
Welcome back!
I have the following queries:
SELECT Z.location_nme,A.Candidate_Name, A.IVR
FROM IVR as A , gctlocation as Z
WHERE A.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl;
location_nme | candidate_name | ivr
--------------+----------------+-----
NT | Bob Benger | 1
NS | Bob Benger | 1
BC | Bob Benger | 1
NS | Bob Eisen | 1
ON | Bob Langer | 1
NT | Bob McNamara | 1
(6 rows)
SELECT Z.location_nme,B.Candidate_Name, B.WEB
FROM web as B , gctlocation as Z
WHERE B.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl;
location_nme | candidate_name | web
--------------+----------------+-----
NB | Bob Redmond | 2
NS | Bob Benger | 2
ON | Bob Langer | 4
YK | Bob Burke | 1
NT | Bob Cobban | 1
(5 rows)
I want to merge them and have a result set as follow:
location_nme | candidate_name | ivr |web
--------------+----------------+-----+-----
NT | Bob Benger | 1 |
NS | Bob Benger | 1 |2
BC | Bob Benger | 1 |
NS | Bob Eisen | 1 |
ON | Bob Langer | 1 |4
NT | Bob McNamara | 1 |
NB | Bob Redmond | |2
YK | Bob Burke | 1
NT | Bob Cobban | 1
..............
.............
The order, doesn't mattar. Just showing in one line for the same 'location_nme' and 'candidate_nme'
is important. (e.g NS , Bob Benger )
How can I do this? Could you please help me on this?
Thank you so much for your help.
- Arash
P.S. I tried to use in-line views or outer join, but everytime I missed some records!
Followup October 13, 2004 - 8am Central time zone:
select location_nme, candidate_name, max(ivr), max(web)
from ( SELECT Z.location_nme,A.Candidate_Name, A.IVR, to_number(null) web
FROM IVR as A , gctlocation as Z
WHERE A.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl
union all
SELECT Z.location_nme,B.Candidate_Name, to_number(null), B.WEB
FROM web as B , gctlocation as Z
WHERE B.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl )
group by location_name, candidate_name;
Thank you so much! You are great!
October 13, 2004 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
How can I have max(ivr)+max(web) as Total?
October 13, 2004 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I don't know why this doesn't work:
select location_nme, candidate_name, max(ivr), max(web), max(web)+max(ivr) as total
from ( SELECT Z.location_nme,A.Candidate_Name, A.IVR, to_number(null) web
FROM IVR as A , gctlocation as Z
WHERE A.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl
union all
SELECT Z.location_nme,B.Candidate_Name, to_number(null), B.WEB
FROM web as B , gctlocation as Z
WHERE B.gctlocation_srl = Z.srl )
group by location_name, candidate_name;
It may be because of 'NULL' values in each subqueries.
Please let me know how I can do this?
Thank you again,
- Arash
October 13, 2004 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Tom,
I used NVL and it fixed the problem.
Thanks
Where would we be without Tom?
October 20, 2004 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Ben Ballard from Boston (on-site at a client in Pennsylvania this week)
Tom,
Here I am alone in the office at 10:30pm, missing the ALCS Game 7, trying to correct some truly
horrible code and save a project. I'm working day and night so that maybe I won't have to be away
from my wife again next week. Once again, I've found the answer to my problem here at asktom. It
is in these moments, in the clutch, that your site is most indispensible and that you are most
appreciated. Thank you.
character mode reports on windows xp
October 28, 2004 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: siddartha m.s from indian
hello sir
i need to know how to print character mode reports on windows xp please send the solution as
soon as posible
thanking you
siddartha
Passing value to a procedure.
December 4, 2004 - 2am Central time zone
Reviewer: karthick from india
hai tom,
I have a front end form that downloads data form a excel file. the data in the file has a number of
client code.
and i have used a oracle stored procedure that does some process with those client code. each
client code is of 15 characters. at every download i get a minimum of 500 client code.
is there any way that i can send all the client code to that procedure as an arguement at one shot.
i dont want to call the procedure in a loop as we are using a three tire consept.
i tryed to pad the client code into a string and send it as an arguement. but most of the time it
exceeds the size of varchar2 and i get error.
can you please help me with this.
Thank you
karthick.
Followup December 4, 2004 - 10am Central time zone:
well, you can send 2047 of them in a single string (a varchar2 is 32k in plsql)
but you want to read the docs for whatever language you are using. it would sort of depend on that
don't you think. I mean, the solution I would use for java would be slightly different than VB.
(and unless it is an open language, one that runs on more than a single OS, you'll have to ask
around, i only use things that work on linux/unix in addition to that os that shall not be named)
passing arguement to procedure
December 5, 2004 - 11pm Central time zone
Reviewer: karthick from india
ok let me put it in this way,
the fornt end language can store x characters in a vairable. i need y such variables to store.this
y is unknown and determined only at run time. so is it possible to pass that y variables to my
stored procedure as arguement.y can be 1,2,3....
Followup December 6, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
Ok, let me put it this way:
YES
there are collections, there are plsql table types. how you use them depends on the client
language you are programming in (as stated)
Order by clause
December 22, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Laxman Kondal from Springfield, VA
Hi Tom
How can I use order by in procedure to return ref cursor.
This one has no effect. I used string also as cloumn name.
scott@ORA9I> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE P(p_list NUMBER, p_rc OUT sys_refcursor)
2 AS
3 BEGIN
4 OPEN p_rc FOR SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB MGR FROM Emp ORDER BY p_list;
5 END;
6 /
Procedure created.
scott@ORA9I> var cur refcursor
scott@ORA9I> set autoprint on
scott@ORA9I> exec p(2, :cur)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782
14 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I>
Is there any way this proc can accept order by as IN parameter and do the order by.
Thanks and regards.
Followup December 22, 2004 - 6pm Central time zone:
it absolutely has an effect, it is just like:
select empno, ename, job mgr from emp order by '2';
you could do this:
select empno, ename, job, mgr from emp
order by decode(p_list,1,empno),
decode(p_list,2,ename),
decode(p_list,3,job),
decode(p_list,4,mgr);
Order by clause
December 22, 2004 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Laxman Kondal from Springfield, VA
Hi Tom
If I use:
OPEN p_rc FOR SELECT empno, ename, job FROM Emp ORDER BY DECODE(p_list, 2, ename, 3, job);
then it works:
scott@ORA9I> exec p(2, :rc)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7698 BLAKE MANAGER
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7902 FORD ANALYST
7900 JAMES CLERK
7566 JONES MANAGER
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN
7934 MILLER CLERK
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
7369 SMITH CLERK
7844 TURNER SALESMAN
7521 WARD SALESMAN
14 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I> exec p(3, :rc)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
EMPNO ENAME JOB
---------- ---------- ---------
7788 SCOTT ANALYST
7902 FORD ANALYST
7369 SMITH CLERK
7876 ADAMS CLERK
7934 MILLER CLERK
7900 JAMES CLERK
7566 JONES MANAGER
7782 CLARK MANAGER
7698 BLAKE MANAGER
7839 KING PRESIDENT
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN
7844 TURNER SALESMAN
7521 WARD SALESMAN
14 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I>
IS there any better way and can take more then one order by in one parameter?
Thanks for help.
Regards
Followup December 22, 2004 - 6pm Central time zone:
see above.
Order by Value || Asc / Desc dynamically
December 23, 2004 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vaishnavi from India
Hi Tom,
How to get data Asc or Desc dynamically? (Order by column is fixed)
I tried this query:
select * from t order by qty || (select decode(:x, 'A', 'Asc', 'Desc' from dual);
But its not giving the data as desired or not throwing any error.
Can I do this?
Sincerely
Vaishnavi
Followup December 23, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
why would it throw an error, not any different than:
select * from t order by qty || 'asc';
that is perfectly valid.
select * from t order by
case when :x = 'A' then qty end ASC,
case when :x <> 'A' then qty end DESC;
just like above for multiple columns........ variation on a theme
I want to make oracle take same amount of time, while running same sql again
December 31, 2004 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Ashutosh from New Delhi, INDIA
I am facing some problem, while testing my code on development database. After some code
enahncement, I want to match the time with earlier run, but it is unmatchable because of SGA.
Running the same SQL 2nd or 3rd time takes, small time. So I am unable to perform real testing. How
can I do that.
Followup December 31, 2004 - 11am Central time zone:
guess what -- you are in fact performing real testing!!!!!
in the "real world (tm)" would your cache ever be empty?
in the "real world (tm)" would you start from scratch each time?
what you need to do is vary the inputs into your query and model the real world.
(in the real world (tm), would you have a single user as you probably do now!!)
(and please -- no one tell how to flush the buffer cache, not in any release -- what a waste of
time if you are using a buffered file system.......... an utter and complete waste of time)
non moving items report
February 2, 2005 - 5am Central time zone
Reviewer: Dajani from UAE
Hi Tom
I am currently developing a report in Crystal connected to Maximo Database.
This report is suppose to generate all those items that where neither been issued nor received in
another word no "transactions"
The problem is that I do have "last issue date" in my inventory master table. So I can say if
isnull (inventory. last issuedate) but I can not follow that with and isnull (inventory. last
receiveddate) then "non moving"
Because the last received date is not available in the inventory master table
How can I write an sql statement or formula to get the "last received date" from the inventory
transactions table
no des bal cos tot lstissudte lstrecdte moving status
1 Baring 100 100 1,0000 ------- ----- non moving
Like I said the last issue date will show blank but last received date is not available in the
master table .. if I can get the last received date to show NULL then the item is "a non moving
item"
Thanks
Followup February 2, 2005 - 5am Central time zone:
"if isnull"? what is that, it isn't sql.
Efficient way to get counts
February 2, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Hi Tom,
What is an efficient way to get the counts from a table (around 10 million rows) based on varied
conditions?
The actual table has around 50 columns.
drop table temp_del;
create table temp_del (c1 varchar2(3),c2 varchar2(3),c3 varchar2(3),c4 varchar2(3),flag number);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',0);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',1);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',2);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',0);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',1);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',2);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',0);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',1);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',2);
commit;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and flag=0;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and flag=1;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and c3='efg' and flag=0;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and c3='efg' and flag=1;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='bcd' and c2='cde' and c3='def' and flag=2;
and so many other combinations similar to this..
Is there a way the table can be accessed once and get the varied counts like above?
Thanks a million.
Followup February 3, 2005 - 1am Central time zone:
need more info, is this table modified during the day or is this a warehouse.
is this example cut way down and there are 500 columns
or is this it.
is c1, c2, flag always involved,
or was that just a side effect of your example..
before anyone can suggest the "best way", details about how the data is used need to be known.
How to write this query - is this possible at all
February 3, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Chenna
create table test5(
begdate date,
enddate date,
location varchar2(10),
status varchar2(10),
price varchar2(50) )
/
insert into test5 values('05-jan-05' , '31-jan-05' , 'Expedite', 40000, 'A price of $6.89 flat
rate')
/
insert into test5 values('01-feb-05' , '28-feb-05', 'Expedite', 1000 , 'A price of $7.87 flat
rate' )
/
insert into test5 values('05-mar-05' , '30-mar-05' , 'Expedite', 40000, 'A price of $6.89 flat
rate')
/
insert into test5 values ('01-dec-04', '31-dec-04', 'expedite',40000,'A price of $6.89 flat
rate')
SQL> SELECT * FROM TEST5;
BEGDATE ENDDATE LOCATION STATUS PRICE
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
05-JAN-05 31-JAN-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
01-FEB-05 28-FEB-05 EXPEDITE 1000 A price of $7.87 flat rate
05-MAR-05 30-MAR-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
01-DEC-04 31-DEC-04 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
SQL> select min(begdate), max(enddate) , location, status, price
2 from test5
3 group by LOCATION ,STATUS,PRICE
4 /
MIN(BEGDA MAX(ENDDA LOCATION STATUS PRICE
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------
01-FEB-05 28-FEB-05 EXPEDITE 1000 A price of $7.87 flat rate
01-DEC-04 30-MAR-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
01-DEC-04 30-MAR-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate row of out put is
conveying wrong message, it is as if febraury is also for the price of 'A price of $6.89 flat
rate' which is not the case
The output I'm looking for is
01-DEC-04 31-jan-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
01-FEB-05 28-FEB-05 EXPEDITE 1000 A price of $7.87 flat rate
05-MAR-05 30-MAR-05 EXPEDITE 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
Please help me write this query. Is this possible at all.
Followup February 4, 2005 - 1am Central time zone:
same concept as outlined here:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/04-mar/o24asktom.html
you might have to tweak for nulls of location/status/price is NULLABLE.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select min(begdate), max(enddate), location, status, price
2 from (
3 select begdate, enddate,
4 location, status, price,
5 max(grp) over (order by begdate) grp2
6 from (
7 select t.*,
8 case when lag(location) over (order by begdate) <> location
9 or lag(status) over(order by begdate) <> status
10 or lag(price) over (order by begdate) <> price
11 or row_number() over (order by begdate) = 1
12 then row_number() over (order by begdate)
13 end grp
14 from t
15 )
16 )
17 group by location, status, price, grp2
18 order by 1;
MIN(BEGDA MAX(ENDDA LOCATION STATUS PRICE
--------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------------------
01-DEC-04 31-JAN-05 Expedite 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
01-FEB-05 28-FEB-05 Expedite 1000 A price of $7.87 flat rate
05-MAR-05 30-MAR-05 Expedite 40000 A price of $6.89 flat rate
showing parent -child relationship in a row joining with second table!
February 4, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
Sorry for my cause of confusion. This time I tried to make my question more understandable and
readable. And I hope that I posted my question to the right thread this time.
CREATE TABLE DW_TBL_DIM_PRODUCT
(
SRL NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
BRAND_DESC VARCHAR2(50)
)
/
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_PRODUCT values (1, 'prd1');
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_PRODUCT values (2, 'prd2');
CREATE TABLE DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET
(
SRL NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
MARKET_DESC VARCHAR2(50),
MARKET_PAR_SRL VARCHAR2(30),
MARKET_PAR_DESC VARCHAR2(50),
MARKET_CLASS NUMBER(1),
MARKET_LEVEL NUMBER(1)
);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (1, 'PPPAB', null, null, 1, 0);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (6, 'PPA', 1, 'PPPAB', 1, 1);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (7, 'PPB', 1, 'PPPAB', 1, 1);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (12, 'PA', 6, 'PPA', 1, 2);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (13, 'PB', 7, 'PPB', 1, 2);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (20, 'A', 12, 'PA', 1, 3);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (21, 'B', 13, 'PB', 1, 3);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (2, 'PPEF', null, null, 2, 0);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (8, 'PEF', 2, 'PPEF', 1, 1);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (14, 'E', 8, 'PEF', 1, 2);
Insert into DW_TBL_DIM_MARKET values (15, 'F', 8, 'PEF', 1, 2);
CREATE TABLE DW_TBL_PRODUCT_MARKET
(
FK_DIM_PRODUCT NUMBER(10) NOT NULL,
FK_DIM_MARKET NUMBER(10) NOT NULL
);
Insert into DW_TBL_PRODUCT_MARKET values (1,20);
Insert into DW_TBL_PRODUCT_MARKET values (2,21);
SELECT
LPAD(' ',10*(LEVEL-1)) || market_desc market_tree
FROM dw_tbl_dim_market
START WITH market_desc = 'PPPAB'
CONNECT BY PRIOR srl = market_par_srl;
MARKET_TREE
----------------------------------------------
PPPAB
PPA
PA
A
PPB
PB
B
7 rows selected.
*Now my question is how I can show the result in two rows than 7 rows including the products like
this:
1 PPPAB PPA PA A prd1
1 PPPAB PPB PB B prd2
Many thanks for your time,
Elahe
February 7, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Sir,
Just have a question regarding previous posted question on Feb. 4th.
Is it really doable by just using SQL? Or have to use reporting tools?
Thanks
Followup February 7, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> SELECT
2 sys_connect_by_path(market_desc,' ' )
3 FROM dw_tbl_dim_market y
4 where not exists ( select * from dw_tbl_dim_market x where x.market_par_srl = y.srl)
5 START WITH market_desc = 'PPPAB'
6 CONNECT BY PRIOR srl = market_par_srl
7 /
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(MARKET_DESC,'')
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PPPAB PPA PA A
PPPAB PPB PB B
start with that, not really knowing how the other stuff comes "along"....
also, in 10g, the where becomes "where connect_by_isleaf = 1" instead of a where exists.
equi join in a query
February 8, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Vapan
Tom,
If could find some time for this sql query for the results required:
create table TBL1(ty VARCHAR2(2),ID VARCHAR2(2),MID VARCHAR2(3),REM NUMBER);
insert into TBL1 values('S','C','ABC',1);
insert into TBL1 values('B','C','ABC',1);
insert into TBL1 values('S','L','BCD',1);
insert into TBL1 values('B','C','BCD',1);
insert into TBL1 values('S','D','CDE',1);
insert into TBL1 values('B','C','CDE',1);
insert into TBL1 values('S','C','DEF',1);
insert into TBL1 values('B','C','DEF',1);
insert into TBL1 values('S','L','EFG',1);
insert into TBL1 values('B','C','EFG',1);
SQL> SELECT * FROM TBL1;
TY ID MID REM
-- -- --- ----------
S C ABC 1
B C ABC 1
S L BCD 1
B C BCD 1
S D CDE 1
B C CDE 1
S C DEF 1
B C DEF 1
S L EFG 1
B C EFG 1
RESULT REQUIRED WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:
a)The result should not include ID='C' if it's TY='B' and its' contra ID='D'.
b)And the result should also not include where ID='C' and its contra ID='L'.
The contra id determined by the column MID. And every TY with value 'S' will
have a corresponding TY with value 'B'. MID values' are same for each contra item.
RESULT REQUIRD FOR THE DATA ABOVE IS:
TY ID MID REM
S C ABC 1
B C ABC 1
S L BCD 1
S D CDE 1
S C DEF 1
B C DEF 1
S L EFG 1
My attempt:
I could get only a part of this, but when I add the 'C' value for ID column, the query blows :
SELECT A1.MID,A1.TY,A1.ID,A1.REM
FROM
(
SELECT MID,TY,ID,REM FROM TBL1
WHERE
ID IN('L') AND REM=1 )A1,
(SELECT MID FROM TBL1 WHERE ID IN'C' AND REM=1) A2
WHERE A1.MID=A2.MID
MID TY ID REM
--- -- -- ----------
BCD S L 1
EFG S L 1
Followup February 9, 2005 - 1am Central time zone:
looks like a new question some day, I have more questions than answers (reading this three times
quick and I still didn't get it)
Date
February 9, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: Andrea Maia Gaziola from Brasil
I need to make (trunc(sydate)-90) with field DATA_ABERTURA, as I must proceed?
SELECT DISTINCT DECODE(A.DIA_ABERTURA_DOC, '-1', ' ',
LPAD(A.DIA_ABERTURA_DOC, 2, '00') || '/' || LPAD(A.MES_ABERTURA_DOC, 2, '00') ||
'/' || A.ANO_ABERTURA_DOC) DATA_ABERTURA,
FROM BILHETE_ATIVIDADE A
,SGE_BA_SERV_ASSOC B
,ACIONAMENTO C
,ACIO_TECNICO_MICRO D
WHERE B.NUM_DOCUMENTO = A.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND C.NUM_DOCUMENTO(+) = B.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND D.NUM_DOCUMENTO(+) = C.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND D.NUM_ACIONAMENTO(+) = C.NUM_ACIONAMENTO
Grateful
February 9, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vapan
Tom,
Sorry for not being clear with the test case I gave above. The requirement is :
The query needs to do this:
a. Give all the records where ID='C' and REM=1 and also give it's contra record also ID= 'C' and
REM=1 where MID for this pair of records is the same.
b. Give all the records where ID='L' and REM=1 but do not give its' contra record that is ID='C'
and key is MID column value.
c. Give all the records where ID='D' and REM=1 but do not give its' contra record that is ID='C'
(key is MID col value)
SQL> SELECT * FROM TBL1;
TY ID MID REM
-- -- --- ----------
S C ABC 1
B C ABC 1
S L BCD 1
B C BCD 1
S D CDE 1
B C CDE 1
S C DEF 1
B C DEF 1
S L EFG 1
B C EFG 1
Expected REsult: (for the data above)
TY ID MID REM
S C ABC 1
B C ABC 1
S L BCD 1
S D CDE 1
S C DEF 1
B C DEF 1
S L EFG 1
Thanks again for the time.
Followup February 9, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone:
same answer as before, looks like a new question some day.
reader
February 10, 2005 - 11pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I like to query v$database for name of the database and
dba_users to get the username.
If the username exists, the query must return the name
of the database and the username. If the username does
not exist, the query will return no rows
This is to cycle through all the ORACLE_SID from
oratab and find if username exists in any of the
databases in the server
Is it possible to construct a query like this
Followup February 11, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
sure, v$database has one row.
so, just join
select * from dba_users, v$database where dba_users.username = :x
SYSDATE
February 11, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ANDREA MAIA GAZIOLA from Brasil
Tom,
I need to make (trunc(sydate)-90) with field DATA_ABERTURA, as I must proceed when the date (day,
month and year) is in separate fields?
SELECT DISTINCT DECODE (A.DAY_DOC, '-1', ' ',
LPAD (A.DAY_DOC, 2, '00') || '/' || LPAD(A.MONTH_DOC, 2, '00') || '/' ||
A.YEAR_DOC) DATE_ OPENING
FROM BILHETE_ATIVIDADE A
,SGE_BA_SERV_ASSOC B
,ACIONAMENTO C
,ACIO_TECNICO_MICRO D
WHERE B.NUM_DOCUMENTO = A.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND C.NUM_DOCUMENTO(+) = B.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND D.NUM_DOCUMENTO(+) = C.NUM_DOCUMENTO
AND D.NUM_ACIONAMENTO(+) = C.NUM_ACIONAMENTO
I need its aid with urgency
Grateful.
Followup February 12, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
<quote>
as I must proceed
when the date (day, month and year) is in separate fields?
</quote>
if you are asking me what is the most logical set of steps you should undertake when the above is
true, the "most truthful" answer I can give you is:
find the person that did this, sign them up for database training. Then, fix the grievous error by
taqking these three (maybe 6) fields and put them into one, the way they belong.
The answer you probably want is, you need to "to_date()" these three fields together and turn them
into a date.
to_date( decode( a.day_doc,-1, NULL, a.month||'/'||a.day_doc||'/'||a.year_doc),
'mm/dd/yyyy' )
(i'm praying that they actually used YYYY -- 4 digits, don't know why I hold out hope, because they
probably didn't, which means you really have a 2 character string with meaningless data in it...
but anyway)
reader
February 11, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
The following query works without syntax error in SQL
select username,
CASE length(username)
when '' then ''
else (select name from v$database)
END
from dba_users where username = 'TEST19'
When used within unix shell script I get the error
1 select username,
2 CASE username
3 when '' then ''
4 else (select name from v$database)
5 END
6* from dba_users where username = 'TEST'
when '' then ''
*
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-00923: FROM keyword not found where expected
when the username does not exist in the database.
Followup February 12, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
() would be shell special characters.
wait till you try <, > or || or ..............
actually, I'd guess that v$database is becoming v (unless you have an environment variable
$database that is...)
but you give us nothing to work with, so we cannot suggest a fix, short of "maybe try putting "\"
in front of shell special characters...
reader
February 12, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Your suggested query,
select username, (select name from v$database)
from dba_users where username = :x
works
Thanks.
As for my subsequent posting, I DID use \$
for v$database in the shell script. Not sure why
I got the error from the shell script. I'll look
further into it
Thanks
Followup February 12, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
because you didn't \( and \)
February 12, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I have a requirment where I've to break all rows in table in 10 batches.We have a column
batch_number in the table.
For e.g If I have 10 rows in a table, 1st row would have batch_number 1,2nd row would have
batch_number 2 etc...If I have 1000 rows in a table then first 100 rows would in batch 1,next 200
rows would be in batch 2 etc...
How can I do this? Can I update this in a single udpdate statement?
Thanks
Followup February 12, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
I'd rather break the table into 10 pieces:
set echo off
set verify off
define TNAME=&1
define CHUNKS=&2
select grp,
dbms_rowid.rowid_create( 1, data_object_id, lo_fno, lo_block, 0 ) min_rid,
dbms_rowid.rowid_create( 1, data_object_id, hi_fno, hi_block, 10000 ) max_rid
from (
select distinct grp,
first_value(relative_fno) over (partition by grp order by relative_fno, block_id
rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) lo_fno,
first_value(block_id ) over (partition by grp order by relative_fno, block_id
rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) lo_block,
last_value(relative_fno) over (partition by grp order by relative_fno, block_id
rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) hi_fno,
last_value(block_id+blocks-1) over (partition by grp order by relative_fno, block_id
rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following) hi_block,
sum(blocks) over (partition by grp) sum_blocks
from (
select relative_fno,
block_id,
blocks,
trunc( (sum(blocks) over (order by relative_fno, block_id)-0.01) /
(sum(blocks) over ()/&CHUNKS) ) grp
from dba_extents
where segment_name = upper('&TNAME')
and owner = user order by block_id
)
),
(select data_object_id from user_objects where object_name = upper('&TNAME') )
/
that'll give you 10 non-overlapping rowid ranges that cover the table (feed those into your batch
process)
short of that, you'd be using "ntile" and merge.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create table t as select * from all_users;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter table t add nt number;
Table altered.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> merge into t
2 using ( select rowid rid, ntile(10) over (order by username) nt from t ) t2
3 on ( t.rowid = t2.rid )
4 when matched then update set nt = t2.nt;
35 rows merged.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select * from t order by nt;
USERNAME USER_ID CREATED NT
------------------------------ ---------- --------- ----------
BI 63 19-DEC-04 1
ANONYMOUS 43 10-AUG-04 1
CTXSYS 40 10-AUG-04 1
DBSNMP 22 10-AUG-04 1
DEMO 75 02-JAN-05 2
DMSYS 37 10-AUG-04 2
DIP 19 10-AUG-04 2
EXFSYS 32 10-AUG-04 2
LEAST_PRIVS 68 02-JAN-05 3
HR 58 19-DEC-04 3
IX 60 19-DEC-04 3
MDDATA 49 10-AUG-04 3
OE 59 19-DEC-04 4
MGMT_VIEW 56 10-AUG-04 4
MDSYS 36 10-AUG-04 4
OLAPSYS 46 10-AUG-04 4
OPS$TKYTE 80 17-JAN-05 5
ORDPLUGINS 34 10-AUG-04 5
OUTLN 11 10-AUG-04 5
ORDSYS 33 10-AUG-04 5
PERFSTAT 82 28-JAN-05 6
PM 62 19-DEC-04 6
SCOTT 57 10-AUG-04 6
SH 61 19-DEC-04 7
SYS 0 10-AUG-04 7
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA 35 10-AUG-04 7
TEST 65 23-DEC-04 8
SYSMAN 54 10-AUG-04 8
SYSTEM 5 10-AUG-04 8
WKPROXY 51 10-AUG-04 9
WKSYS 50 10-AUG-04 9
WK_TEST 53 10-AUG-04 9
WSMGMT 81 28-JAN-05 10
XDB 42 10-AUG-04 10
WMSYS 23 10-AUG-04 10
35 rows selected.
(in 9i, you'd need to have a "when not matched then insert (nt) values ( null)" but it would
basically be a big "no-operation" since all of the rows would in fact match....)
February 12, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Excellent..Thanks tom.
February 12, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
We are using oracle 9i
You told
"in 9i, you'd need to have a "when not matched then insert (nt) values ( null)"
but it would basically be a big "no-operation" since all of the rows would in
fact match....)"
I didn't got that part..Could you please explain?
Thanks
Followup February 13, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
in 9i, merge MUST have:
when matched then update ....
when not matched then insert ......
in 10g, you do not. So, in 9i there would have to be a "when not matched", but since we are
joining the entire table with itself by rowid -- the "when not matched" clause would in fact never
"happen", so you can just put a "dummy" insert in there -- that'll never actually happen
February 13, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I got it and implemented Merge statement to break the table into 10 batches..
Thanks a lot for the help
SYSDATE
February 15, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Andrea Maia Gaziola from Brasil
What I would like to know is as I use ((SYSDATE)-90) when the composition of the date this in
different columns (day, month and year)
Followup February 15, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
huh? did not understand.
OK
February 17, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Raju from Hyderabad,India
Hi Tom,
Please have a look at this query.
SQL> create table t(x int,y int)
2 /
Table created.
SQL> insert into t select rownum,rownum+1 from cat where rownum
<= 5
2 /
5 rows created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from t
2 /
X Y
---------- ----------
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 6
SQL> select x,y,x+y from t
2 union all
3 select sum(x),sum(y),sum(x+y) from t
4 /
X Y X+Y
---------- ---------- ----------
1 2 3
2 3 5
3 4 7
4 5 9
5 6 11
15 20 35
6 rows selected.
Can this query be put in any other way??
I would like to eliminate union all from this query.
I even tried
SQL > select decode(grouping(..
But it is not working properly.Can you provide
some other way??
Followup February 17, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select decode( grouping(rowid), 0, null, 1, 'the end' ) label,
2 sum(x), sum(y), sum(x+y)
3 from t
4 group by rollup(rowid);
LABEL SUM(X) SUM(Y) SUM(X+Y)
------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 2 3
2 3 5
3 4 7
4 5 9
5 6 11
the end 15 20 35
6 rows selected.
Efficient way to get counts
March 14, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Tom,
Excuse me for not replying immediately to your followup above with title "Efficient way to get
counts"
Your followup was:
"need more info, is this table modified during the day or is this a warehouse.
is this example cut way down and there are 500 columns
or is this it.
is c1, c2, flag always involved,
or was that just a side effect of your example..
before anyone can suggest the "best way", details about how the data is used
need to be known"
The case example repeated :
drop table temp_del;
create table temp_del (c1 varchar2(3),c2 varchar2(3),c3 varchar2(3),c4
varchar2(3),flag number);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',0);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',1);
insert into temp_del values('abc','bcd','cde','def',2);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',0);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',1);
insert into temp_del values('bcd','cde','def','efg',2);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',0);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',1);
insert into temp_del values('cde','def','efg','fgh',2);
commit;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and flag=0;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and flag=1;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and c3='efg' and
flag=0;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and c3='efg' and
flag=1;
select count(*) from temp_del where c1='bcd' and c2='cde' and c3='def' and
flag=2;
Here is the data spread asked for:
No. of columns used by the query : 25
Is c1,c2,flag always involved : yes and a combination of the 25 columns.
Is this table modified during the day or is this a warehouse: This table is modified regularly
during
the day. But the query that I have asked for is run only for reporting purposes.
I went with the sum(case.. ) method after creating bitmap indexes for all the columns used in the
query where the
distinct values were actually less than 5 or 6. And normal indexes for other columns where the
distinct values were actually close to 60% of the no of rows.
select sum(case when c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and flag=0 then 1 else 0 end) r1,
sum(case when c1='abc' and c2='bcd' and c3='cde' and flag=1 then 1 else 0 end)r2
from temp_del
Kindly advise if this is a preferred solution for 10 million rows table or please suggest
something better.
Followup March 14, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone:
you have bitmaps on a table that is modified regularly??????
March 14, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Having a very few values for the columns, that's what I thought of. Does this affect performance in
the normal running of the application and in the queries for reporting purposes?
Thanks for the time.
Followup March 14, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
do you have bitmaps on columns that are regularly updated?
March 15, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Yes. A few columns are updated quite frequently.
Followup March 15, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
and you have not found this to be an issue with
a) deadlocks
b) massive bitmap index growth
??
March 29, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Steve from nyc, NY
Tom,
I am not sure if the folowing logic can be done by a single sql.
I have two tables
receipts
store_id, order_id, prod_id, rec_date, rec_qty
-------------------------------------------------
1003 10001 2001, 3/5/2005, 3
1003 10002 2001, 3/8/2005, 1
1004 10003
sales
sales_date, store_id, prod_id, sales_qty, ...
----------------------------------------------
3/8/05, 1003, 2001, 1
3/10/05, 1003, 2001, 2
3/11/05, 1003, 2001, 1
3/12/05, 1003, 2001, 1
.....
I want to create a received_sales match report
store_id, order_id, prod_id, rec_date, rec_qty, sale_qty
1003 10001 2001, 3/5/2005, 2 2
1003 10002 2001, 3/8/2005, 1 1
Matching rule:
Given a receipt of product, if there is a sale for that type of the product within 14 day of
receipt_date, then we conside a sale match.
Thanks in advanced!
Steve
Followup March 29, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone:
no create tables, no inserts....
join by store id, where one_date-other_date <= 14.
Joining three scripts and get values for three columns.
April 5, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Dawar from LA-CA- USA
Tom,
I need to run below script which displays only three columns.
EMPLOYEE_NAME
V.DEPT_NO DEPT_NO
V.PAY_LOCATION PAY_LOCATION
I got those three script from Our current Oracle reports.
emp_no from the first script is PK and other two columns has this column (emp_no) FK.
here are three scripts, how will I join below scripts and get values for only EMPLOYEE_NAME,
V.DEPT_NO DEPT_NO
& V.PAY_LOCATION PAY_LOCATION columns.
SELECT V.LAST_NAME || ', ' || V.FIRST_NAME || ' ' || V.MIDDLE_INITIAL
EMPLOYEE_NAME
,E.home_phone PHONE
,E.home_street STREET
,E.home_city CITY
,E.home_zip1 ZIP1
,E.home_zip2 ZIP2
,nvl(E.bilingual_code, 'Not Applicable') BC
,nvl(V.specialty, 'Not Applicable') SPECIALTY
,nvl(V.sub_specialty,'Not Applicable') SBSP
,E.BILINGUAL_REF_CD BRC
,V.EMP_NO EMP_NO
,V.DEPT_NO DEPT_NO
,C.DEPT_TITLE DEPT_TITLE
,V.PAY_LOCATION PAY_LOCATION
,V.LAYOFF_SENIORITY_DATE LAYOFF_SENIORITY_DATE
,V.TIME_IN_GRADE TIME_IN_GRADE
,V.PAYROLL_ITEM_NO PAYROLL_ITEM_NO
,V.ITEM_LETTER ITEM_LETTER
,V.CLASS_TITLE CLASS_TITLE
,DECODE(V.REPRESENTATION_STATUS,'Y','REPRESENTED','NON-REPRESENTED')
REPRESENTATION_STATUS
,DECODE(V.PROBATION_STATUS,'1','FIRST','2','SUBSEQUENT','NONE')
PROBATION_STATUS
,DECODE(V.IMPROVEMENT_NEEDED_END_DATE,NULL,'NONE',
TO_CHAR(V.IMPROVEMENT_NEEDED_END_DATE,'MM/DD/YY')) IMPROVEMENT_NEEDED_END_DATE
FROM EMPINFO_VIEW V,
DEPARTMENTS C,
EMPLOYEES E
WHERE V.PRIOR_ITEM_INDICATOR IS NULL
AND V.JOB_CODE = 'A'
AND (V.EMP_NO = :EMP_PARM OR :EMP_PARM IS NULL)
AND (V.DEPT_NO = :DEPT_PARM OR :DEPT_PARM IS NULL)
AND (V.BUDGETED_GROUP_ID = :GROUP_PARM OR :GROUP_PARM IS NULL)
AND (C.DEPT_NO = :DEPT_PARM OR :DEPT_PARM IS NULL)
and (v.payroll_item_no = :ITEM_PARM or :ITEM_PARM is null)
AND C.DEPT_NO = V.DEPT_NO
and V.emp_no = E.emp_no
ORDER BY V.DEPT_NO
,V.PAY_LOCATION
,V.LAST_NAME
***********************************************
SELECT EMPITM.PAYROLL_ITEM_NO PAYROLL_ITEM_NO2
,ITEM.CLASS_TITLE CLASS_TITLE2
,EMPITM.ITEM_LETTER ITEM_LETTER2
,EMPITM.EMP_NO EMP_NO2
FROM EMPLOYEE_ITEMS EMPITM
,ITEMS ITEM
WHERE ITEM.ITEM_NO = EMPITM.PAYROLL_ITEM_NO
AND EMPITM.PRIOR_ITEM_INDICATOR = 'Y'
ORDER BY ITEM.MAXIMUM_ANNUAL_SALARY DESC
****************************************************************
SELECT EMP_NO EMP_NO3,
PRIORITY_GEO_A PGA,
PRIORITY_GEO_B PGB,
PRIORITY_GEO_C PGC
FROM EMPLOYEES
Regards,
Dawar
Followup April 5, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone:
no idea what you mean
SQL Query
April 6, 2005 - 1am Central time zone
Reviewer: Reader from India
Dear Tom,
The following query takes around 45 seconds...All tables have been analyzed using dbms_stats.
Indexes are in place. The view called in this query runs very fast and the response for the view
is less than a second. Can you please give inputs to improve the performance? Are joins bad here?
Should we rewrite the query?
Regards
=======================
SQL> SELECT count(1) noofrecs FROM
OPAY.OC_CHEQUE_INTERFACE OCI,
OPAY.FILE_MST_PAY FIM,
OPAY.OC_CHEQUE_DETAIL OCD,
OPMAY.CLIENTALL VW_CLA
WHERE
OCD.COD_TXN_STATUS = 'ISSUED' and
OCI.AMT_CREDIT BETWEEN
0 AND 999999999999.99 and
OCD.ISSUE_DATE BETWEEN
TO_DATE('21-08-2004','DD-MM-YY') AND
TO_DATE ('29-08-2004','DD-MM-YY')
AND oci.cod_cust LIKE
DECODE ('VOLTEST', '', '%', 'VOLTEST')
AND vw_cla.dividend_number
LIKE DECODE ('VOLTESTDIV', '', '%','VOLTESTDIV')
AND
VW_CLA.COD_STOCK LIKE DECODE ('', '', '%', '') AND
TO_DATE (vw_cla.dat_payment, 'DD-MM-YY')
BETWEEN TO_DATE
('08-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
TO_DATE ('15-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
OCI.COD_FILEID = FIM.COD_FILEID AND
OCI.TXN_ID = OCD.TXN_ID AND
vw_cla.cycle_id = fim.cycle_id
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
SQL> /
Elapsed: 00:00:43.65
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=759 Card=1 Bytes=133
)
1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)
2 1 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=759 Card=1 Bytes=133)
3 2 HASH JOIN (Cost=757 Card=1 Bytes=109)
4 3 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=11 Card=84 Bytes=5880)
5 4 VIEW OF 'CLIENTALL' (Cost=8 Card=2 Bytes=112)
6 5 SORT (UNIQUE) (Cost=8 Card=2 Bytes=122)
7 6 UNION-ALL
8 7 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=57)
9 8 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DVD_CYCLE_MST_PAY'
(Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=29)
10 8 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'ORBICASH
_CLIENTMST' (Cost=1 Card=119 Bytes=3332)
11 10 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0014447' (U
NIQUE)
12 7 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=65)
13 12 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DVD_CYCLE_MST_PAY'
(Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=29)
14 12 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'COUNTER_
MST_PAY' (Cost=1 Card=14 Bytes=504)
15 14 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0014648' (U
NIQUE)
16 4 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'PERF2' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=2
Card=4767 Bytes=66738)
17 3 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'OC_CHEQUE_INTERFAC
E' (Cost=745 Card=30 Bytes=1170)
18 17 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_OC_CHEQUE_INT_CODCUST'
(NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=36 Card=30)
19 2 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'OC_CHEQUE_DETAIL' (C
ost=2 Card=49 Bytes=1176)
20 19 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0015224' (UNIQUE) (Cost
=1 Card=49)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
7 recursive calls
8 db block gets
1693075 consistent gets
47287 physical reads
0 redo size
367 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
425 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
9 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
============================================
Followup April 6, 2005 - 6am Central time zone:
I cannot tune every query..
but "indexes are in place" - that could be the problem, using indexes. indexes are good, they are
bad, they are sometimes neither good nor bad.
sorry, without tables and indexing schemes....
TO_DATE (vw_cla.dat_payment, 'DD-MM-YY')
BETWEEN TO_DATE
('08-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
TO_DATE ('15-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY')
I can say that is plain "wrong", as in gets the wrong data.
did you know that the date the 14 of January 1806 which is in your query the string
14-jan-1806
is between the string '08....' and the string '15....'
convert STRINGS TO DATES to compare to DATES.
Also, applying functions to database columns typically prevents the use of indexes on that column.
why would you to_char a date to have it converted back to a date...
where DATE_COLUMN between to_date( string ) and to_date( another_string )
SQL Query
April 7, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: reader from India
Tom,
Thanks for the inputs.
Please clarify on the following:
1. I am under the belief that when indexes are in place and the tables stand analyzed using
dbms_stats, CBO will decide whether or not to use the index.This being the case how the index would
be bad during select operations.
2. As suggested, the query was modified to compare the date column to to_date of string. But the
consistent gets continue to be the same as shown below. Is there any other part of the query to
look at and modfiy?
Regards.
==============================================
SQL> SELECT count(1) noofrecs FROM
OPAY.OC_CHEQUE_INTERFACE OCI,
OPAY.FILE_MST_PAY FIM,
OPAY.OC_CHEQUE_DETAIL OCD,
OPMAY.CLIENTALL VW_CLA
WHERE
OCD.COD_TXN_STATUS = 'ISSUED' and
OCI.AMT_CREDIT BETWEEN
0 AND 999999999999.99 and
OCD.ISSUE_DATE BETWEEN
TO_DATE('21-08-2004','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
TO_DATE ('29-08-2004','DD-MM-YYYY')
AND oci.cod_cust LIKE
DECODE ('VOLTEST', '', '%', 'VOLTEST')
AND vw_cla.dividend_number
LIKE DECODE ('VOLTESTDIV', '', '%','VOLTESTDIV')
AND
VW_CLA.COD_STOCK LIKE DECODE ('', '', '%', '') AND
vw_cla.dat_payment
BETWEEN TO_DATE
('08-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
TO_DATE ('15-06-2006','DD-MM-YYYY') AND
OCI.COD_FILEID = FIM.COD_FILEID AND
OCI.TXN_ID = OCD.TXN_ID AND
vw_cla.cycle_id = fim.cycle_id
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
SQL> /
Elapsed: 00:00:27.42
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT Optimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=766 Card=1 Bytes=133
)
1 0 SORT (AGGREGATE)
2 1 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=766 Card=1 Bytes=133)
3 2 HASH JOIN (Cost=764 Card=1 Bytes=109)
4 3 HASH JOIN (Cost=18 Card=84 Bytes=5880)
5 4 VIEW OF 'CLIENTALL' (Cost=8 Card=2 Bytes=112)
6 5 SORT (UNIQUE) (Cost=8 Card=2 Bytes=122)
7 6 UNION-ALL
8 7 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=57)
9 8 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DVD_CYCLE_MST_PAY'
(Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=29)
10 8 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'ORBICASH
_CLIENTMST' (Cost=1 Card=119 Bytes=3332)
11 10 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0014447' (U
NIQUE)
12 7 NESTED LOOPS (Cost=2 Card=1 Bytes=65)
13 12 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'DVD_CYCLE_MST_PAY'
(Cost=1 Card=1 Bytes=29)
14 12 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'COUNTER_
MST_PAY' (Cost=1 Card=14 Bytes=504)
15 14 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0014648' (U
NIQUE)
16 4 TABLE ACCESS (FULL) OF 'FILE_MST_PAY' (Cost=9 Card
=4767 Bytes=66738)
17 3 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'OC_CHEQUE_INTERFAC
E' (Cost=745 Card=30 Bytes=1170)
18 17 INDEX (RANGE SCAN) OF 'IDX_OC_CHEQUE_INT_CODCUST'
(NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=36 Card=30)
19 2 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'OC_CHEQUE_DETAIL' (C
ost=2 Card=49 Bytes=1176)
20 19 INDEX (UNIQUE SCAN) OF 'SYS_C0015224' (UNIQUE) (Cost
=1 Card=49)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
12 db block gets
1693160 consistent gets
47557 physical reads
0 redo size
367 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
425 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
1 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed
=============================================
Followup April 7, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
1) http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:::::P11_QUESTION_ID:6749454952894#6760861174154
2)
AND oci.cod_cust LIKE
DECODE ('VOLTEST', '', '%', 'VOLTEST')
AND vw_cla.dividend_number
LIKE DECODE ('VOLTESTDIV', '', '%','VOLTESTDIV')
AND
VW_CLA.COD_STOCK LIKE DECODE ('', '', '%', '')
why that, why no
cod_cust = 'constant'
and dividend_number = 'anotherconstant'
and cod_stock is not null
Are the cardnialities in the autotrace even close to those in the tkprof.
May 24, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Alex
Hi Tom,
I have a quick question about my decode I'm trying to do but I don't know if what I'm doing is
allowed or not. I'm doing:
select a.name,
DECODE (r.text,INSTR (r.text, 'XXX') != 0, r.id || SUBSTR (r.text, 4),r.text)
from address a, requirements r
where a.key = r.key
I get ORA-00907: missing right parenthesis, but as you see they match. I think it doesn't like
something about that INSTR. Thank you.
Followup May 24, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
the decode isn't making sense.
what are you trying to do exactly? (decode doesn't do boolean expressions)
are you trying to return r.id || substr() when the instr() is not zero?
decode( instr(r.text,'XXX'), 0, r.text, r.id||substr(r.text) )
perhaps? that is:
case when instr(r.text,'XXX') = 0
then r.text
else r.id||substr(r.text)
end
you might just want to use case actually, more readable in many cases.
May 28, 2005 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I have two tables:
SQL> desc phone_log;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
LOG_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
CALLER_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
CONTACT_PERSON VARCHAR2(50)
PHONE VARCHAR2(25)
DATE_RECEIVED DATE
DATE_RESOLVED DATE
PURPOSE VARCHAR2(20)
TOPIC VARCHAR2(25)
PRIORITY VARCHAR2(6)
INITIAL_OUTCOME VARCHAR2(20)
ISSUE VARCHAR2(500)
INITIAL_RESPONSE VARCHAR2(500)
SOURCE VARCHAR2(10)
SQL> desc phone_followup
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
LOG_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(10)
FOLLOWUP_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(2)
FOLLOWUP_DATE DATE
RESPONSE VARCHAR2(500)
OUTCOME VARCHAR2(20)
The phone log table is a parent table to phone_followup. However a parent record
can exist without any children. I am trying to query on pending records which are defined as:
Find all records in phone_log without any children where date_resolved is null
or if there are children records in phone followup then find the maximum followup number
where outcome is not resolved.
I wrote this but it does not work. Is there a way to join both tables and find the
maximum followup number record to join and also find records in parent that do not have children.
1 select f.log_no,g.outcome from
2 (
3 select f.log_no,f.date_received,f.date_resolved from phone_log f,
4 (
5 select * from
6 (
7 select a.log_no,a.outcome,a.followup_no from phone_followup a,
8 (select log_no,max(followup_no) followup_no from phone_followup group by log_no) b
9 where a.log_no = b.log_no and a.followup_no=b.followup_no
10 ) e
11 ) g
12 where f.log_no=g.log_no(+)
13* )
SQL> /
select f.log_no,g.outcome from
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: "G"."OUTCOME": invalid identifier
1 select a.log_no,a.date_received,a.date_resolved,b.outcome,b.followup_no from
2 phone_log a,phone_followup b where
3 a.log_no=b.log_no(+)
4 --and (a.date_resolved is null or b.outcome <> 'Resolved') and
5* --b.followup_no=(select max(followup_no) from phone_followup where log_no=a.log_no)
SQL> /
LOG_NO DATE_RECE DATE_RESO OUTCOME FOLLOWUP_NO
---------- --------- --------- -------------------- -----------
39 22-SEP-04 Referred 1
39 22-SEP-04 Follow-up Needed 2
39 22-SEP-04 Resolved 3
39 22-SEP-04 4
39 22-SEP-04 Referred 5
41 20-NOV-04 Call Escalated 1
41 20-NOV-04 Referred 2
41 20-NOV-04 Resolved 3
41 20-NOV-04 Follow-up Needed 4
38 11-NOV-04 11-DEC-04 Follow-up Needed 1
38 11-NOV-04 11-DEC-04 Resolved 2
LOG_NO DATE_RECE DATE_RESO OUTCOME FOLLOWUP_NO
---------- --------- --------- -------------------- -----------
38 11-NOV-04 11-DEC-04 Referred 3
50 27-MAY-05
13 rows selected.
What I want are the records with max(followup_no) for each log_No and check if the outcome
is not 'Resolved'. For record 50 which does not have children I want to only check
"date resolved" field.
Thank you,
Followup May 28, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
no creates, no inserts, no comment.
June 6, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
create table orders
(order_id number(10),
address varchar2(100))
insert into orders values(1,'addr1');
insert into orders values(2,'addr2');
insert into orders values(3,'addr3');
insert into orders values(4,'addr4');
insert into orders values(5,'addr5');
insert into orders values(6,'addr6');
insert into order_items values(1,1,100,5);
insert into order_items values(2,1,200,15);
insert into order_items values(3,2,100,5);
insert into order_items values(4,2,200,15);
insert into order_items values(5,3,100,5);
insert into order_items values(6,4,300,4);
insert into order_items values(7,5,400,4);
insert into order_items values(7,6,400,4);
I need to select identical orders with the same set on inventory_Id and ordered items,
First set is orders 1, 2, and second set - orders 5,6.
order_id address count(order_id) Set#
1 addr1 2 1
2 addr2 2 1
5 addr3 2 2
6 addr5 2 2
Thanks in advance.
Followup June 6, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
sort of incomplete example no?
June 6, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
We have a lot of customers making the same orders,
and want to select such customers's orders as a bulk,
then create file and ship those orders thru fedx as a one set.
The number of orders in such bulk should be more than 3.
Let's say, if more than 2 orders have 10 ordered item 1,
20 items 2, this is a bulk #1. And so on.
June 6, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Sorry, I need it and will try again.
let's say we have:
order1 contains item1 10 pieces, item2 15 pieces
order2 contains item1 10 pieces, item2 15 pieces
order3 contains item3 30 pieces
order4 contains item4 15 pieces, item1 20 pieces
order5 contains item1 8 pieces, item2 15 pieces
order6 contains item1 3 pieces, item2 15 pieces
order7 contains item3 30 pieces
order8 contains item3 30 pieces
order9 contains item7 10 pieces
Another words:
create table T
(item_id number(10), order_id number(10),
item varchar2(10), itm_ordered number(10))
insert into T values (1,1,'item1',10);
insert into T values (2,1,'item2',15);
insert into T values (3,2,'item1',10);
insert into T values (4,2,'item2',15);
insert into T values (5,3,'item3',30);
insert into T values (6,4,'item4',15);
insert into T values (7,4,'item1',20);
insert into T values (8,5,'item1',8);
insert into T values (9,5,'item2',15);
insert into T values (10,6,'item1',3);
insert into T values (11,6,'item2',15);
insert into T values (12,7,'item3',30);
insert into T values (13,8,'item3',30);
insert into T values (14,9,'item7',10);
and I need:
orders count in bulk
order1 2
order2 2
order3 3
order7 3
order8 3
order4,5,6,9 arent interesting because there is not dups for them.
Thanks.
Followup June 6, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
if you know the maximum items per order (and this maxes out at a varchar2(4000)) this'll do it
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select *
2 from (
3 select order_id, data, count(*) over (partition by data) cnt
4 from (
5 select order_id,
6 max(decode(r,1,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
7 max(decode(r,2,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
8 max(decode(r,3,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
9 max(decode(r,4,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
10 max(decode(r,5,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
11 max(decode(r,6,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) || '|' ||
12 max(decode(r,7,item||'/'||itm_ordered)) data
13 from (select a.*, row_number() over (partition by order_id order by item, itm_ordered) r
14 from t a
15 )
16 group by order_id
17 )
18 )
19 where cnt > 1
20 /
ORDER_ID DATA CNT
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
1 item1/10|item2/15||||| 2
2 item1/10|item2/15||||| 2
3 item3/30|||||| 3
7 item3/30|||||| 3
8 item3/30|||||| 3
If you don't know the number of items on an order....
June 6, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Sean D Stuber from Columbus, OH
How about this? I've been trying to think of a more effficient or at least more "elegant" way but
so far this is the best I could come up with. I hope it helps.
SELECT * FROM
(SELECT order_id,
COUNT(*) OVER(PARTITION BY items) cnt FROM
(SELECT x.*,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY order_id
ORDER BY lvl DESC) rn
FROM
(SELECT y.*, LEVEL lvl,
SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH(item || '/'
|| itm_ordered,
'|') items
FROM
(SELECT t.*,
ROW_NUMBER()
OVER (PARTITION BY order_id
ORDER BY item_id) itm_idx
FROM t
) y
CONNECT BY order_id = PRIOR order_id
AND itm_idx - 1 = PRIOR itm_idx
) x
)
WHERE rn = 1
)
WHERE cnt > 1
Followup June 6, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone:
has the same 4000 byte limit -- so ultimately there is always a "max"
OK
June 10, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: James from CT,USA
Hi Tom,
My requirement is
"I would like to get grouped rows from EMP table
where no individual makes more than 3000"
I tried this query but getting errors.
SQL> select deptno,avg(sal)
2 from emp
3 group by deptno
4 having sal <= 3000
5 /
having sal <= 3000
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
Followup June 10, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
where sal <= 3000
not having. having works on the grouped columns or the aggregates only. "sal" no longer exists
when you get to the having.
but, is the question really:
I want the avg salary for all employees in any dept where the maximum salary in that dept is <=
3000
that would be having max(sal) <= 3000
OK
June 10, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
My requirement is:
I want to exclude grouped rows when atleast one individual
in each group gets a salary of more than 3000.
Followup June 10, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
that would be having max(sal) <= 3000 then.
Query
June 14, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Laxman Kondal from Springfield, VA
Hi Tom
I wanted to find a way to fetch from emp table where I pass deptno. And if deptno is not in emp
then fetch all.
And this is what I did. Since deptno=50 not exists and 'OR' clauese 1=1 bribgs all results.
And when I use deptno=10 or 1=1 then also it fetches all deptno.
scott@ORA9I> select ename, empno from emp where deptno=10;
scott@ORA9I> select ename, empno, deptno from emp where deptno=10;
I think my concept of 'OR' caluse is messedup.
ENAME EMPNO DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
CLARK 7782 10
KING 7839 10
MILLER 7934 10
3 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I> select ename, empno, deptno from emp where deptno=50;
no rows selected
scott@ORA9I> select ename, empno, deptno from emp where deptno=50 or 1=1;
ENAME EMPNO DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 7369 20
ALLEN 7499 30
WARD 7521 30
JONES 7566 20
MARTIN 7654 30
BLAKE 7698 30
CLARK 7782 10
SCOTT 7788 20
KING 7839 10
TURNER 7844 30
ADAMS 7876 20
JAMES 7900 30
FORD 7902 20
MILLER 7934 10
14 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I> select ename, empno, deptno from emp where deptno=10 or 1=1;
ENAME EMPNO DEPTNO
---------- ---------- ----------
SMITH 7369 20
ALLEN 7499 30
WARD 7521 30
JONES 7566 20
MARTIN 7654 30
BLAKE 7698 30
CLARK 7782 10
SCOTT 7788 20
KING 7839 10
TURNER 7844 30
ADAMS 7876 20
JAMES 7900 30
FORD 7902 20
MILLER 7934 10
14 rows selected.
scott@ORA9I>
Thanks and regards.
Followup June 14, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone:
(some 'requirements' just boggle my mind, I'll never figure out the business case behind this one)
do you really mean this? or can it be more like:
if I pass in null, i want all rows, else I want only the matching rows?
Query
June 15, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Laxman Kondal from Springfield, VA
Hi Tom
You are right and some time I want to figure out some way to work around possibility in shorter and
correct way. Although I can have two blocks in if statements and either one will work. That's
double coding and if I add just 'were' clause then will it work?
What I am trying to get is that if I pass deptno which exists then get me that dept and if not
exists then from all deptno.
Thanks for the hint and it works
scott@ORA9I> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Demo(p_dep IN NUMBER )
2 AS
3 v1 NUMBER := p_dep;
4 BEGIN
5 FOR i IN (SELECT *
6 FROM Emp
7 WHERE (CASE WHEN p_dep = 0
8 THEN v1
9 ELSE deptno
10 END ) = p_dep )
11
12 LOOP
13 dbms_output.put_line(i.ename||' - '||i.deptno);
14 END LOOP;
15 END Demo;
16 /
Procedure created.
scott@ORA9I> exec demo(10)
CLARK - 10
KING - 10
MILLER - 10
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
scott@ORA9I> exec demo(20)
SMITH - 20
JONES - 20
SCOTT - 20
ADAMS - 20
FORD - 20
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
scott@ORA9I> exec demo(30)
ALLEN - 30
WARD - 30
MARTIN - 30
BLAKE - 30
TURNER - 30
JAMES - 30
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
scott@ORA9I> exec demo(0)
SMITH - 20
ALLEN - 30
WARD - 30
JONES - 20
MARTIN - 30
BLAKE - 30
CLARK - 10
SCOTT - 20
KING - 10
TURNER - 30
ADAMS - 20
JAMES - 30
FORD - 20
MILLER - 10
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
scott@ORA9I>
Thanks and regards.
Followup June 15, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
guess I'll recommend
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> variable x number
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> exec :x := 50;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> declare
2 l_cursor sys_refcursor;
3 l_rec emp%rowtype;
4 begin
5 open l_cursor for select * from emp where deptno = :x;
6 fetch l_cursor into l_rec;
7 if ( l_cursor%notfound )
8 then
9 close l_cursor;
10 open l_cursor for select * from emp;
11 fetch l_cursor into l_rec;
12 end if;
13 loop
14 exit when l_cursor%notfound;
15 dbms_output.put_line( l_rec.deptno || ', ' || l_rec.ename );
16 fetch l_cursor into l_rec;
17 end loop;
18 close l_cursor;
19 end;
20 /
20, SMITH
30, ALLEN
30, WARD
20, JONES
30, MARTIN
30, BLAKE
10, CLARK
20, SCOTT
10, KING
30, TURNER
20, ADAMS
30, JAMES
20, FORD
10, MILLER
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> exec :x := 10
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> /
10, CLARK
10, KING
10, MILLER
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Query
June 15, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Laxman Kondal from Springfield, VA
Hi Tom
Thanks and you showed one more way to do this.
Thanks and regards
June 15, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I have 2 tables like
create table t1
(
id1 number,
name varchar2(60),
id2 number
);
create table t2
(
id2 number,
xxx char(1)
);
insert into t1 values (1, 'firstname', 1);
insert into t1 values (2, 'secondname', 2);
insert into t2 values (1, 'A');
insert into t2 values (1, 'B');
insert into t2 values (2, 'A');
insert into t2 values (2, 'B');
commit;
I have a query
select t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2, t2.xxx from t1, t2
where t1.id2 = t2.id2
/
ID1 NAME ID2 X
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- -
1 firstname 1 A
1 firstname 1 B
2 secondname 2 A
2 secondname 2 B
Is it possible to get something like
ID1 NAME ID2 XA XB
1 firstname 1 A B
2 secondname 2 A B
The values for columns ID1, NAME, ID2 for all rows for A and B will always be the same.
Thanks.
Followup June 16, 2005 - 3am Central time zone:
and what happens if firstname has 3 rows?
June 16, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
No firstname will always have only 2 rows and so will secondname.
Thanks.
Followup June 16, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> Select id1, name, id2, max( decode(rn,1,xxx) ) c1, max(decode(rn,2,xxx)) c2
2 from (
3 select t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2, t2.xxx ,
4 row_number() over (partition by t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2 order by t2.xxx) rn
5 from t1, t2
6 where t1.id2 = t2.id2
7 )
8 group by id1, name, id2
9 /
ID1 NAME ID2 C C
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- - -
1 firstname 1 A B
2 secondname 2 A B
there is of course an easier answer if xxx is always A/B and nothing but nothing else.
June 16, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Yes xxx will not have anything else other than A/B. Is there an easier way to do this in that case?
Thanks a lot for your help Tom.
Followup June 16, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2, max(decode(t2.xxx,'A','A')) xa,
max(decode(t2.xxx,'B','B')) xb 2 from t1, t2
3 where t1.id2 = t2.id2
4 group by t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2
5 /
ID1 NAME ID2 X X
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- - -
1 firstname 1 A B
2 secondname 2 A B
June 16, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I have a similar requirement but I am selecting around 20 fields and so my "group by" clause also
has 20 columns. If I try a similar query with the 20 fields, it is taking a very long time, do I
have to do anything special for that? Please let me know.
Thanks.
Followup June 16, 2005 - 9pm Central time zone:
well, very little data to go on.
but, grouping by 20 columns probably leads to "lots more records" than grouping by say 2 right.
so, bigger result set, more temp space, more work, more stuff.
tkprof it, preferably with a 10046 level 12 trace and see what you are waiting on (assuming
software written this century like 9ir2 so the waits show up nicely in the tkprof report)
June 17, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Our database is 10g. I setup the session for 10046 trace level 12 and I am attaching below the last
part of the tkprof output. Is this what I should be looking at for the wait times. Please let me
know and if it is tell me what I should see to determine how to make my query faster.
OVERALL TOTALS FOR ALL NON-RECURSIVE STATEMENTS
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 8 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 10 0.00 0.02 0 11 10 10
Fetch 5 39.51 427.26 566787 575769 0 10
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 23 39.51 427.30 566787 575780 10 20
Misses in library cache during parse: 5
Misses in library cache during execute: 4
Elapsed times include waiting on following events:
Event waited on Times Max. Wait Total Waited
---------------------------------------- Waited ---------- ------------
SQL*Net message to client 12 0.00 0.00
SQL*Net message from client 11 13.07 13.14
direct path write temp 10800 0.02 3.35
db file sequential read 732 0.03 4.49
db file scattered read 38827 0.06 389.03
direct path read temp 22 0.04 0.33
OVERALL TOTALS FOR ALL RECURSIVE STATEMENTS
call count cpu elapsed disk query current rows
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Parse 7 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0
Execute 14 0.01 0.01 0 2 8 8
Fetch 6 0.00 0.00 0 15 0 6
------- ------ -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
total 27 0.01 0.01 0 17 8 14
Misses in library cache during parse: 6
Misses in library cache during execute: 5
15 user SQL statements in session.
1 internal SQL statements in session.
16 SQL statements in session.
********************************************************************************
Trace file: wicis_ora_1116.trc
Trace file compatibility: 9.00.01
Sort options: default
3 sessions in tracefile.
18 user SQL statements in trace file.
1 internal SQL statements in trace file.
16 SQL statements in trace file.
13 unique SQL statements in trace file.
51339 lines in trace file.
Thanks.
Followup June 17, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select 38827/389.03 from dual;
38827/389.03
------------
99.8046423
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select 389.03/38827 from dual;
389.03/38827
------------
.010019574
You are doing 100 multiblock io's/second or about 0.01 seconds per IO. Does that seem "fast or
correct" given your hardware?
but therein lies your low hanging fruit, look for the do'ers of IO and see what you can do to have
them do less of it.
June 20, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I am sorry but I am not able to understamd much from your response. Can you elaborate it a little
please?
Thanks.
Followup June 20, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
I was saying "you are doing a lot of physical IO, they are taking about 1/100th of a second per IO,
is that reasonable for your hardware and have you looked at tuning SQL in order to reduce the
number of physical IO's you have to do"
June 20, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Regd the following query from previous followup
select t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2, max(decode(t2.xxx,'A','A'))
xa, max(decode(t2.xxx,'B','B')) xb 2 from t1, t2
where t1.id2 = t2.id2
group by t1.id1, t1.name, t1.id2
/
I have about 10 mil rows in t2. I have an index on t2(xxx). But it is still doing a table scan and
the query results are very slow. Should I create some sort of functional index or something ?
Thanks.
Followup June 20, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
I would be seriously disappointed if it touched an index, if you want slow, make it use an index.
please do this:
a) say out loud "full scans are not evil"
b) say out loud "indexes are not all goodness"
c) goto (a) until you believe what you are saying out loud
read this too:
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:::::P11_QUESTION_ID:6749454952894#6760861174154
Now, perhaps you are hashing to disk and would benefit from a larger
hash_area_size/pga_aggregate_target
June 21, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA
Ho Tom,
Will you please help me with this. I have a table that looks like below:
col1 col2
---- ----
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
I would like a select statement that displays:
col1 col2
---- ----
1 1
2 1
3 1
4 1
In other words, I'd like the value in col2 to show the smallest value of all rows.
Thank you very much.
Followup June 21, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone:
select col1, min(col2) over () from t;
June 21, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Hi Tom,
I have the foll requirement:
create table t1
(
datecol date,
idcol1 number,
idcol2 number,
col1 varchar2(20),
charcol char(1),
opcol varchar2(10)
);
I am doing the following queries in a single procedure all based on t1.
select max(datecol), max(idcol1), max(idcol2)
into tdatecol, tidcol1, tidcol2
from t1
where col1 = '1234'
and charcol = 'A';
select max(datecol), max(idcol2)
into tdatecol1, tidcol21
from t1
where idcol1 = tidcol1
and charcol = 'B';
select opcol into topcol
from t1
where idcol2 = tidcol2;
if (tidcol21 is not null) then
select opcol into topcol1
from t1
where idcol2 = tidcol21;
end if;
Is it possible for me to put this all in a single query? Please help.
Thanks.
Followup June 23, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
yes, but I think it would be just layers of scalar subqueries, so not neccessarily anymore
efficient.
select tdatecol, tidcol1, tidcol2,
tdatecol1, tidcol21,
(select opcol from t1 c where c.idcol2 = tidcol2) topcol,
case when tidcol21 is not null then
(select opcol from t1 c where c.idcol2 = tidcol21)
end topcol1
from (
select tdatecol, tidcol1, tidcol2,
to_date(substr(trim(data),1,14),'yyyymmddhh24miss') tdatecol1,
to_number(substr(data,15)) tidcol21
from (
select tdatecol, tidcol1, tidcol2,
(select nvl(to_char( max(datecol), 'yyyymmddhh24miss' ),rpad(' ',14)) || max(idcol2)
from t1 b
where b.idcol1 = a.tidcol1
and b.charcol = 'B') data
from (
select max(datecol) tdatecol, max(idcol1) tidcol1, max(idcol2) tidcol2
from t1
where col1 = '1234'
and charcol = 'A'
) A
)
)
/
select col1, min(col2) over () from t;
June 22, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA
I thank you for your suggestion but how can we do that on an non-enterprise version? Below is what
I have:
SQL> select banner from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------
Oracle8i Release 8.1.7.4.1 - Production
PL/SQL Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
CORE 8.1.7.2.1 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 3.4.1.0.0 - Production
and
SQL> select * from v$option
PARAMETER VALUE
--------------------------- -----------
... ...
OLAP Window Functions FALSE
I appreciate your help.
Followup June 23, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
in 9i you have analytics with standard edition
in 8i without them, you are stuck doing things the old fashioned way
select col1, min_col2
from t, (select min(col2) min_col2 from t)
or
select col1, (select min(col2) from t)
from t;
new query
June 22, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Sudha Bhagavatula from Buffalo, NY
I have a table this way:
eff_date term_date contr_type
01/01/2001 01/31/2001 12
01/01/2001 01/31/2001 13
I want the output to be like this:
01/01/2001 01/31/2001 12,13
Can this be done through sql ? I use Oracle 9i
Followup June 23, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
search site for
stragg
Look up Pivot Table
June 23, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: DHP from Mobile, AL
Search for Pivot Table or check out this thread:
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:3818867265646716704::NO::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID,F4950_P8_CRI
TERIA:766825833740
select col1, min(col2) over () from t;
June 23, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA
That works great! Thanks again for your help.
SQL Anomaly
June 23, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: reader
Tom,
I am running this query and every time getting different answer. Is it a bug or feature mind you I
am the only one logged in.
2. Does DISTINCT apply only on first following column or all columns in the list?
Thank you in advance.
1 SELECT DISTINCT loan_id, program_name
2 FROM loan_history
3* WHERE ROWNUM < 30
14:16:31 SQL> /
LOAN_ID PROGRAM_NAME
-------------------- ------------------------------
0000000000 FR 15 Yr CF
1111111111 FR 15 Yr CF
2222222222 FR 15 Yr CF
3333333333 FR 15 Yr CF
4444444444 FR 25-30 Yr CF
5555555555 FR CF 20-30 Yr
6666666666 FR 15 Yr CF
7777777777 CMT ARM 3/1 CF (salable)
8888888888 FR 15 Yr CF
9 rows selected.
14:16:34 SQL> l
1 SELECT DISTINCT loan_id, program_name
2 FROM loan_history
3* WHERE ROWNUM < 30
14:17:22 SQL> /
LOAN_ID PROGRAM_NAME
-------------------- ------------------------------
5555555555 FR CF 20-30 Yr
4444444444 FR 25-30 Yr CF
0000000000 FR 15 Yr CF
4141414141 30 Yr Fixed FHA/VA - Salable
4444444444 FR 25-30 Yr CF
4141414141 FR 15 Yr CF
5353535353 FR 15 Yr CF
5454545454 FR 25-30 Yr CF
6565656565 FR 25-30 Yr CF
6767676767 FR 15 Yr CF
8787878787 FR 25-30 Yr CF
11 rows selected.
14:17:23 SQL> l
1 SELECT DISTINCT loan_id, program_name
2 FROM loan_history
3* WHERE ROWNUM < 30
14:17:25 SQL> /
LOAN_ID PROGRAM_NAME
-------------------- ------------------------------
3232323232 FR 15 Yr CF
3434343434 FR 15 Yr CF
4545454545 FR 15 Yr CF
5656565656 FR 15 Yr CF
6767676767 FR CF 20-30 Yr
7878787878 FR 15 Yr CF
8989898989 FR CF 20-30 Yr
7 rows selected.
14:17:26 SQL>
Followup June 23, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
no bug, they are all reasonable.
"get 30 rows"
"distinct them"
or better yet:
"get ANY 30 rows"
"distinct them"
what are you trying to do exactly?
Distinct Question
June 24, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: reader from CA
Tom,
Essentially query had to answer very simple question "show me all distinct loan ids and programs"
but I started testing and could not understand why same query returns different number of rows.
I always thought that selecting ROWNUN returns a sequential number of rows. Why would Oracle select
any random number of rows when I asked to show me all 29 or less?
2. Still not clear whether DISTINCT/UNIQUE apply on first column that follows or all columns in the
select list following DISTINCT/UNIQUE.
Thank you,
Followup June 24, 2005 - 9pm Central time zone:
you asked for 29 rows
and then distincted them. It is free to get any 29 rows it wanted to get, and distinct them. It
could return anywhere between 0 and 29 rows at any time.
distinct applies to the entire result set, all columns.
RE: Distinct and Group By
June 27, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: reader from CA
Tom,
1. Would it be safe to say that Distinct is sort of Group By clause? If so how is it internally
different or similar?
2. If Oracle is free to give me any number of rows below 30 how would I find out exact count of
unique Last Names of occupants in a 100 stories building below 30th floor?
Thanks,
Followup June 27, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
1) grouping by all columns in the select list and using distinct would have the same net effect,
yes.
select distinct <100 columns> from table
is a lot easier to type though :)
2) oracle is giving you 30 rows (assuming table has more than 30 rows). exactly thirty rows. then
you asked for the distinct rows from that. that could any number of rows less than or 30.
if you had a table with last names and a floor attribute, it would be
select count(distinct last_name)
from t
where floor <= 30
OK
June 28, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Raju from Hyderabad,India
Hi Tom,
My requirement is
"Retrieve all employees from emp table
who have joined before their manager".
I used this query.
Is this correct??
Do you have a better way to put this query??
SQL> select * from emp e
2 where hiredate <= all(
3 select hiredate from emp where empno in(select distinct mgr
from emp)
4 and deptno = e.deptno)
5 /
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL
COMM DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 880
20
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600
300 30
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250
500 30
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10
6 rows selected.
Followup June 28, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
no.
you are getting all of the employees hired before ALL managers in the deptno they work in. Given
the data, it might appear to work -- but there is no rule that says the manager has to work in the
same deptno.
I would have joined
select *
from (
select e1.*, e2.hiredate hd2
from emp e1, emp e2
where e1.mgr = e2.empno(+)
)
where hiredate > hd2 or hd2 is null
probably.
query
July 6, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I have two tables ORG and CONTACT with one to many relationship between them. One organization can
have multiple contacts. They are linked using ORGCD.
ORG
-----
orgcd varchar2(10)
name varchar2(100)
Contact
-------
contactid varchar2(20)
orgcd varchar2(10)
contact_type varchar2(1)
Contact type can be either "M" for Main or "A" for additional.
I am trying to get a query to get the organization record with the main contact.
select a.orgcd,a.name,b.contactid from org a, contact b
where a.orgcd=b.orgcd(+) and b.contact_Type='M' and a.orgcd='122';
The problem is that if i have an organization with no main contact I will not get the organzation
data.
IF i used contact_Type(+)='M' it gives me all the contacts.
How can you solve this problem?
Followup July 6, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
you already did????
other ways could be
select ...
from org a, ( select * from contact where contact_type = 'M' )b
where a.ordcd = b.orgcd(+) and a.orgcd = '122';
or
select ..
from org a, contact b
here a.orgcd=b.orgcd(+) and (b.contact_Type='M' or b.contact_type is null) and a.orgcd='122'
but what you did is correct and proper.
query
July 6, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
My query did not give me what I wanted.
When i added (contact_type = 'M' or contact_type is null) it did give me what I want.
Thanks a lot,
the two queries are not equivalent
July 6, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Daniell from Toronto
16:56:30 SCOTT@ora10g > select * from org;
ORGCD
----------
122
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
16:57:10 SCOTT@ora10g > select * from contact;
ORGCD C
---------- -
122 A
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
16:57:17 SCOTT@ora10g > select *
16:57:33 2 from org a, ( select * from contact where contact_type = 'M' ) b
16:57:33 3 where a.orgcd = b.orgcd(+) and a.orgcd = '122'
16:57:34 4 /
ORGCD ORGCD C
---------- ---------- -
122
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
16:57:35 SCOTT@ora10g > select *
16:58:01 2 from org a, contact b
16:58:01 3 where a.orgcd=b.orgcd(+) and (b.contact_Type='M' or b.contact_type
is null) and a.orgcd = '122';
no rows selected
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Followup July 7, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
you are correct, went too fast.
re-reading, it would appear that
16:57:17 SCOTT@ora10g > select *
16:57:33 2 from org a, ( select * from contact where contact_type = 'M' ) b
16:57:33 3 where a.orgcd = b.orgcd(+) and a.orgcd = '122'
16:57:34 4 /
ORGCD ORGCD C
---------- ---------- -
122
is the most likely thing he wants.
Insert from another table with more number of columns
July 8, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Tom,
I am not sure whether my question fits this thread but if you could reply, shall greatly
appreciate.
I have a table :
create table temp(a number, b varchar2(10));
Another table :
create table temp_mv
as
select rowid temp_rid,t.* from temp t where 1=2;
This table temp_mv is populated with data basically from the temp table based on varied conditions
and then moved to another db where there is a temp table exactly as the one above.
I would like to insert data into the remote temp table from temp_mv but without using the temp_rid
column. Is there a way to do this without writing all the columns. As the tables I am trying to do
has lots of columns (200+).
insert into remote.temp
select a,b from temp_mv;
(if I use the one like above I will have to specifiy all 200 columns just to avoid the column
temp_rid).
Thanks so much for your time.
Followup July 8, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
when faced with "lots of columns", why not just write a piece of code to write the sql from the
dictionary -- I do it all of the time.
Other alternative would be to create a one time view without the columns you don't want.
(insert into t select * from another_t -- that is considered a relatively "bad practice", you would
be best served with
insert into t ( c1, c2, c3, .... c200 ) select c1, c2, c3, .... c200 from another_t;
You are protected from someone reordering the columns, adding a column, etc over time.
July 8, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Thiru
Thanks. The sql from the dictionary looks comfortable. The column_id is what I have to order by,
right?
Followup July 8, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
yes
A different sql question!!
July 12, 2005 - 5am Central time zone
Reviewer: Eray from Turkey
Tom;
I have question about sql- customizing the order-.Let me give you an example.I am selecting data
starts with A,B,C........Z.I want to sort my data A to Z except K.I want my data which starts with
K at the end?If I can how I can?
Followup July 12, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone:
order by decode( column, 'K', 2, 1 ), column
query efficiency
July 13, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: J from CA
regarding query efficiency:
is there any resource saving during query execution using sub-query by pre-selecting columns vs.
non-subquery?
for instance:
1. select a.col1, b.col2, b.col3
from a, b, c
where join-criteria
2. select a1.col2,a1.col3, b1.col1
from (select a.col2, a.col3 from a ...) a1,
(select b.col1, b.col2 from b ...) b1
where join on a1 and b1
for sure, we have very complex query from our analysts, with join to more than 10 tables, and 2 or
3 or even 4 tables are big table (more than Gb size, 100+ columns, billion records).
Thanks for any suggestion.
Followup July 13, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
no, those two queries are identical to the optimizer.
How to fine tune this query ?
July 14, 2005 - 6am Central time zone
Reviewer: Parag Jayant Patankar from India
Hi Tom,
I have very large transaction table ( v8spd800 ) which is consisting
branchcd, client no, client sub no, currency, transaction date and transaction amount. I have to
give sum of transactions amount bucketwise for a particular month
For e.g.
1. sum of transactions where amt is less than 500000
2. sum of transactions where amt is >= 500000 and less than 1000000
For this I have written following SQL
select
branchname,
branchaddr1,
branchaddr2,
...
..
( select nvl(sum(v08203),0)
from v8spd800, tdf31
where v09000 between substr(c65401,1,6)||'01' and substr(c65401,1,6)||'30'
and v00090 = branchcd
and v09060 < 50000000 ) x1,
( select sum(v08203)
from v8spd800, tdf31
where v09000 between substr(c65401,1,6)||'01' and substr(c65401,1,6)||'30'
and v00090 = branchcd
and v09060 >= 50000000 and v09060 < 100000000) x2,
( select nvl(sum(v08203),0)
from v8spd800, tdf31
where v09000 between substr(c65401,1,6)||'01' and substr(c65401,1,6)||'30'
and v00090 = branchcd
and v09060 >= 100000000 and v09060 < 250000000) x3
from branchmst
/
But I am sure this kind of SQL is not "GOOD" sql because every time it is accessing same table.
Can you show me how to write efficient SQL for having bucketwise total ?
regards & thanks
pjp
Followup July 14, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
i'm missing something -- cartesian joins in the scalar subqueries? I cannot tell what comes from
where? are the scalar subqueries correlated or standalone?
use correlation names on all columns
SQL Query
July 14, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Parag Jayant Patankar
Hi Tom,
Regarding your answer "i'm missing something -- cartesian joins in the scalar subqueries? I cannot
tell what comes from where? are the scalar subqueries correlated or standalone?"
Sorry I was not clear. In my query my transaction table is v8spd600 whic is joinded to tdf31. Table
tdf31 is having only dates ( Current Processing Date, Last Processing Date, Last processed month
..etc ) and having only one record. As this query I am going to generate for previous month I have
not hardcoded date in my scalar subquery.
Sorry I have not understood your question "Queries or correlated or standalone".
Basically I want "amount bucketwise no of transactions" from transaction table which is havig many
transaction records.
regards & thanks
pjp
Followup July 14, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
Please correlate the column names for us. In the query. (get used to doing that on a regular
basis! )
Like and between
August 2, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: arjun from New York
hi:
I need help with framing a Query.
I have two input values 'B' and 'L'
I have to find usernames starting with 'B' and 'L' and also which are between username starting
with 'B' and 'L'
Result should have Ben, David , Elina , Henry and Luca
( assuming these names are there in a table )
select * from dba_users where username like 'B%'
.....
Thanks
Followup August 2, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
where username >= 'B' and username < 'M'
Like and between
August 2, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: arjun from New York
I tried this : There might be an easier and better approach.
select du.username
from dba_users du ,
( select username from dba_users where username like 'A%' and rownum=1 ) start_tab ,
( select username from dba_users where username like 'S%' and rownum=1 ) end_tab
where du.username between start_tab.username and end_tab.username
II ]
why does this query doesn't return names starting with 'H' I have records starting with 'H'
select *
from dba_users
where username >= 'A%'
and username <= 'H%'
order by username
Thanks
Followup August 2, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
% is only meaningful in "like" as a wildcard.
you want where username >= 'A' and username < 'I'
to get A...H names (in ascii)
Maybe wont hit the first A-user
August 3, 2005 - 5am Central time zone
Reviewer: Lolle from Sweden
If you use 'user like 'A%' and rownum = 1', you dont know which user you hit, maybe not the first
A in alpha-order. In that approach you must add an order by user.
A question for you
August 11, 2005 - 1am Central time zone
Reviewer: Murali from India
Tom,
I got a table with two columns
Customer Category
C1 1
C2 2
C1 2
C1 3
C2 3
C2 5
C3 4
C4 3
C4 4
C5 1
C5 5
C3 3
C6 1
C6 5
i.e.,
C1 - 1,2,3
C2 - 2,3,5
C3 - 3,4
C4 - 3,4
C5 - 1,5
C6 - 1,5
When I pass category as 1,5
My output should be
C5 and C6 - 1,5
C1 - 1
C2 - 5
If selected categories are 1,3,4,5
The output should be
C1 - 1,3
C2 - 3
C3, C4 - 3,4
C5,C6 - 1,5
Please help me out in this regard.
Followup August 11, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
i would, if I had create tables and insert intos.
Random guess
August 11, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bob B from Albany, NY
CREATE TABLE VALS(
p1 VARCHAR2(2),
p2 NUMBER(1)
)
/
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C1', 1 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C2', 2 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C1', 2 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C1', 3 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C2', 3 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C2', 5 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C3', 4 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C4', 3 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C4', 4 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C5', 1 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C5', 5 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C3', 3 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C6', 1 );
INSERT INTO VALS VALUES('C6', 5 );
SELECT
DISTINCT
STRAGG( P1 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY P2 ORDER BY P1 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED
FOLLOWING ) P1,
P2
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT P1, STRAGG( P2 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY P1 ORDER BY P2 ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED
PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING ) P2
FROM VALS
WHERE INSTR( ',' || :p_categories || ',', ',' || p2 || ',' ) > 0
)
ORDER BY P1
Works in 10gR1. STRAGG as defined here:
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/asktom/f?p=100:11:::::P11_QUESTION_ID:2196162600402
Don't know if the datatypes are correct or if this will perform nicely. The format of the output
wasn't clear either:
C1 and C2 ...
C1,C2 ...
C1, C2 ...
I'm not going to even try to figure that one out.
Followup August 11, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone:
I would have used stragg and str2tbl, something like:
select cusomter, stragg( category )
from ( select customer, category
from t
where category in (select * from TABLE(str2tbl(:x)))
)
group by customer
where :x := '1, 2, 3, 4' or whatever.
Two different answers to the same question
August 11, 2005 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Bob B from Albany, NY
Depends on whether the customers need to be grouped by their category list or not.
One query returns each customer and a list of their categories; the other returns each list of
categories and the list of customers that match that list.
One Query
August 12, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Murali from India
Hello Tom,
First of all, thanks Bob for creating those insert stmts for me. So very nice of you. And secondly,
I need a generic function kind of a thing where in you pass in the Category and I would need the
output as mentioned earlier. I would want to use this function in Sybase, Sql Server and MySql
without making much changes. Please help me out in this regard.
Followup August 12, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
rolling on the floor laughing. (also known as ROTFL)....
sorry, don't see that happening.
On the topic of database independence ...
August 12, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bob B from Albany, NY
Why even pick a programming language for application development? I say we should not only be
database neutral, but programming language neutral! What happens if Java is no longer supported or
PHP developers become too expensive or ASP.net can no longer deliver the performance we need (etc)?
Instead, lets write (lots of) code that will compile in any programming language. *dripping
sarcasm*
Being database neutral means you have to write an application in several different languages that
needs to do the same thing in about the same time in all of them. I doubt anyone would try to
write an app that works in more than one programming language (maybe for fun, but not for a
living). You'll see much of the same language and syntax in many languages:
for, while, try/catch/finally, switch, function, (), {}, ;, etc
Same thing for databases:
select, update, delete, from, where, and, or, group by, order by, etc
Query
August 15, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
I have this query that counts total of records based on a field value of "Null" or "Open". However
I find out that query does not work for nulls and it should be where field is null instead of equal
sign.
Do I need to create 2 queries and write an IF statement or there is a wa to do this in one query?
IF (i_link_id = 12) THEN
v_request_status := null;
elsif (i_link_id = 13) THEN
v_request_status := 'Open';
END IF;
SELECT count(*) into re_count
FROM parts_request a
WHERE a.user_id = i_user_id and
a.request_status = v_request_status and
not exists (select request_id from parts_shipment b where a.request_id = b.request_id);
Followup August 15, 2005 - 10pm Central time zone:
in the following, pretend y is user_id and z is request_status, you can union all the "two" queries
and then count. Only one part really executes at run time based on the bind variable sent in
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create table t ( x int primary key, y int, z int );
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> insert into t
2 select rownum, trunc(rownum/10), case when mod(rownum,10) = 0 then null else 1 end
3 from all_objects;
27991 rows created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> create index t_idx on t(y,z);
Index created.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats( user, 'T' );
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> variable y number
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> variable z number
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> @plan "select count(*) from (select x from t where y = :y and z = :z union all
select x from t where y = :y and z is null and :z is null)"
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> delete from plan_table;
7 rows deleted.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> explain plan for &1;
old 1: explain plan for &1
new 1: explain plan for select count(*) from (select x from t where y = :y and z = :z union all
select x from t where y = :y and z is null and :z is null)
Explained.
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 3 |
| 1 | SORT AGGREGATE | | 1 | | |
| 2 | VIEW | | 10 | | 3 |
| 3 | UNION-ALL | | | | |
|* 4 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T_IDX | 9 | 63 | 1 |
|* 5 | FILTER | | | | |
|* 6 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| T_IDX | 1 | 7 | 2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
4 - access("T"."Y"=TO_NUMBER(:Z) AND "T"."Z"=TO_NUMBER(:Z))
5 - filter(:Z IS NULL)
6 - access("T"."Y"=TO_NUMBER(:Z) AND "T"."Z" IS NULL)
Note: cpu costing is off
21 rows selected.
query
August 17, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
You are right. I was going to use a ref cursor for the query but your method here is easier.
FOR y in (
select x from t where user_id = i_user_id and request_status = v_request_status
union all
select x from t where user_id = i_user_id and request_status is null and v_request_status is null )
LOOP
...
END LOOP;
error
September 19, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: khaterali from india
VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Time: 17-SEP-2005 12:07:36
Tracing not turned on.
Tns error struct:
nr err code: 0
ns main err code: 12547
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
ns secondary err code: 12560
nt main err code: 517
TNS-00517: Lost contact
nt secondary err code: 32
nt OS err code: 0
***********************************************************************
Fatal NI connect error 12547, connecting to:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oraclee
hrd
ev)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))')(DETACH=NO))(CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM
=)(H
OST=sparc)(USER=oracle))))
VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Time: 17-SEP-2005 12:07:42
Tracing not turned on.
hsperfdata_root Tns error struct:
nr err code: 0
ns main err code: 12547
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
ns secondary err code: 12560
nt main err code: 517
TNS-00517: Lost contact
nt secondary err code: 32
nt OS err code: 0
***********************************************************************
Fatal NI connect error 12547, connecting to:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oraclee
hrd
ev)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))')(DETACH=NO))(CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM
=)(H
OST=sparc)(USER=oracle))))
VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Time: 17-SEP-2005 12:07:42
Tracing not turned on.
Tns error struct:
nr err code: 0
ns main err code: 12547
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
ns secondary err code: 12560
nt main err code: 517
TNS-00517: Lost contact
nt secondary err code: 32
nt OS err code: 0
Followup September 19, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
please open an itar - I see the other two postings below as well -- an itar is what you want, not a
forum discussion question
errror in exp -00084
September 19, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: khater ali from india
Export fails with EXP-00084: Unexpected DbmsJava error -1031 at step 6661
Running FULL export on Oracle 8.1.5 database on son solaris 8 Export starts OK, dumps tables under
all schemas, then fails with the following errors:
...
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
EXP-00084: Unexpected DbmsJava error -1031 at step 6661
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 1031 encountered
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
how to solve the above problem also i already posted this question in metalink.oracle.com but there
is no responsible .please help me
errror in exp -00084
September 19, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: khater ali from india
Export fails with EXP-00084: Unexpected DbmsJava error -1031 at step 6661
Running FULL export on Oracle 8.1.7 database on son solaris 8 Export starts OK, dumps tables under
all schemas, then fails with the following errors:
...
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting synonyms
. exporting views
. exporting stored procedures
EXP-00084: Unexpected DbmsJava error -1031 at step 6661
EXP-00008: ORACLE error 1031 encountered
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
EXP-00000: Export terminated unsuccessfully
how to solve the above problem also i already posted this question in metalink.oracle.com but there
is no responsible .please help me
sqlnet
September 20, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: khater ali from india
Fatal NI connect error 12547, connecting to:
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/u01/app/oracle/product/8.1.7/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oraclee
hrd
ev)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))')(DETACH=NO))(CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM
=)(H
OST=sparc)(USER=oracle))))
VERSION INFORMATION:
TNS for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Solaris: Version 8.1.7.0.0 - Production
Time: 17-SEP-2005 12:07:42
Tracing not turned on.
hsperfdata_root Tns error struct:
nr err code: 0
ns main err code: 12547
TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact
ns secondary err code: 12560
nt main err code: 517
TNS-00517: Lost contact
nt secondary err code: 32
nt OS err code: 0
please give some suggestions to solve the above problems.our version is 8.1.7 and our os is sun
solaris 8
Followup September 20, 2005 - 12am Central time zone:
please see my original comment.
Table value
September 21, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Tony from USA
Hi Tom,
I am inserting the values to the table from one big sql statement.
The sql statement can change in the future.. so I inserted the sql in the table and taking the
value from the table I am doing the ref cursor and inserting but the problem is the query take some
parameters so dynamically how can I send the parameter..
bellow is the procedure please guide me on the same..
pmonth is the parameter which i am passing to the SQL.....
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CMPR_LOAD_test(CNTRYCDE IN VARCHAR2,
PMONTH IN VARCHAR2,
ERR_CD IN OUT NUMBER,
ERR_TEXT IN OUT VARCHAR2) IS
LN_ROWS NUMBER(7) := '500';
TYPE CMPREXT IS TABLE OF DRI_276_CMPR%ROWTYPE;
CMPRRECS CMPREXT;
TYPE CMPR_REF_CUR IS REF CURSOR;
CMPRCUR CMPR_REF_CUR;
sql_text long;
BEGIN
select sql_value into sql_text from cmpr_sql_text;
OPEN CMPRCUR for sql_text;
LOOP
FETCH CMPRCUR BULK COLLECT
INTO CMPRRECS LIMIT LN_ROWS;
BEGIN
FORALL I IN CMPRRECS.FIRST .. CMPRRECS.LAST
INSERT INTO DRI_276_CMPR VALUES CMPRRECS (I);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ERR_CD := SQLCODE;
ERR_TEXT := 'Sp_Ins_Ext_Mthly_test : Error IN INSERTING INTO TABLE DRI_276_ECS_MISEXT'
||SQLERRM;
RETURN;
END;
EXIT WHEN CMPRCUR%NOTFOUND;
COMMIT;
END LOOP;
CLOSE CMPRCUR;
COMMIT;
END CMPR_LOAD_test;
/
Followup September 21, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone:
why is this procedure a procedure and not just an INSERT into table SELECT from another
table???????
Your logic scares me to death.
You load some records (say the first 2 500 row batches)....
You hit an error on row 1023
You catch the error and basically ignore it (leaving the first two batches sort of hanging out???)
and return.....
Please, just make this an insert into select whatever from and lose all procedural code and don't
use "when others" unless you follow it by RAISE;
characterset
September 23, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: khater ali from india
how to change a characterset for example i have a database called hsusdev and my characterset is
us7ascii and now i want to change my characterset to UTF8.one of my friend told me that, recreate
the control file.my question is, is there any other option to change my db characterset without
recreating the controlfile and now we are inserting xml tables in this database
You are the best and I know this is the only place in the whole world where I will get the answer..
September 23, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA
I have similar row to coloum question (like the original post ).Please help.
create table temp_fluids
(code varchar2(13), name varchar2(10), percent number)
/
SQL> desc temp_fluids
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CODE VARCHAR2(13)
NAME VARCHAR2(10)
PERCENT NUMBER
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE1','NAME1',10)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE1','NAME2',20)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE1','NAME3',30)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE2','NAME1',10)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE2','NAME2',20)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE2','NAME3',30)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE2','NAME4',40)
/
insert into temp_fluids
values ('CODE3','NAME1',10)
/
Want output something like :
code1 code2 code3
name1 10 10 10
name2 20 20
name3 30 30
name4 40
Where number of columns (code1, code2 etc) may go up to more than 100 depending on the number of
records.
Thanks!
Followup September 23, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
search this site for PIVOT to see examples of pivots
and remember a sql query has a fixed number of columns in it, you'll have 100 "max(decodes( ... )
)"
SQL QUERY problem
September 24, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Rmais from pak
<code>Hi Tom,
I have problems writing a difficult sql query, please help me
I have a table t in which there are 50000 records
the table has columns like
create table t
(MATCH_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
TEAM_ID NUMBER(4),
PLAYER_ID NUMBER(4),
RUNS NUMBER(3))
here match_id, player_id and team_id are jointly primary key
SQL> SELECT * FORM T WHERE MATCH_ID < 4
/
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PL_ID RUNS
--------- ---------- ---------- -------------------
1 2 1228 8
1 2 1203 82
1 2 1316 24
1 1 1150 27
1 1 1278 13
1 1 1243 60
2 1 1278 37
2 1 1291 0
2 1 1243 53
2 2 1228 25
2 2 1285 103
2 2 1316 60
3 2 1228 8
3 2 1285 25
3 2 858 43
3 1 1278 52
3 1 1394 6
3 1 1243 31
4 1 1278 61
4 1 1394 6
4 1 1243 3
4 2 1228 41
4 2 1285 40
4 2 858 5
6 2 1228 20
6 2 1285 100
6 2 1408 0
7 2 1228 15
7 2 1285 34
7 2 1408 44
8 2 1228 0
8 2 1420 31
8 2 1340 66
9 2 1420 19
9 2 1385 28
9 2 1340 0
.....so on upto 50000 records..
the problem is that I want to extract how many times each player_id in each
match exists in the table, prior to that match_id (or current_match_id)
along with that in another column, I also want the sum of 'RUNS' for each
player_id prior to that match_id (or current_match_id)
my disired output is:
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID player_ID RUNS NO_OF_OCCURENCES SUM(RUNS)
BEFORE_THIS_MATCH BEFORE_THIS_MATCH
FOR_THIS_PLAYER_ID FOR_THIS_PLAYER_ID
--------- ---------- ---------- -------------------
1 2 1228 8 0 0
1 2 1203 82 0 0
1 2 1316 24 0 0
1 1 1150 27 0 0
1 1 1278 13 0 0
1 1 1243 60 0 0
2 1 1278 37 1 13
2 1 1291 0 0 0
2 1 1243 53 1 60
2 2 1228 25 1 8
2 2 1285 103 0 0
2 2 1316 60 1 24
3 2 1228 8 2 33
3 2 1285 25 1 103
3 2 858 43 0 0
3 1 1278 52 2 50
3 1 1394 6 0 0
3 1 1243 31 2 113
4 1 1278 61 3 102
4 1 1394 6 1 6
4 1 1243 3 3 144
4 2 1228 41 3 41
4 2 1285 40 2 128
4 2 858 5 1 43
6 2 1228 20 4 82
6 2 1285 100 3 168
6 2 1408 0 0 0
7 2 1228 15 5 102
7 2 1285 34 4 268
7 2 1408 44 1 0
8 2 1228 0 6 117
8 2 1420 31 0 0
8 2 1340 66 0 0
9 2 1420 19 1 31
9 2 1385 28 0 0
9 2 1340 0 1 66
as you can see from the above data (5TH COLUMN), i have mentioned the
existance of each player_id in each match prior to the current_match_id
since match_id = 1 is the 1st match in the table so no player_id comes in the
table before match number 1
in match number 2 , player_id = 1278 was also present in match_id = 1 so
thats why Number_OF_OCCURENCES = 1 for player_id = 1278 in match_id = 2
and so on..
same is the case with 'RUNS' column but here RUNS are the SUM of each
player_id's 'RUNS' before the current match
Note: if some player_id does not exist in the table before the current
match_ID then the query should return zero for that player_id ( as in 4th and
5th columns of no_of_occurances and sum(runs) respectively)
for example: in above data
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PLayer_ID RUNS NO_OF_OCCURENCES SUM(RUNS)
BEFORE_THIS_MATCH BEFORE_THIS_MATCH
FOR_THIS_PLAYER_ID FOR_THIS_PLAYER_ID
9 2 1385 28 0 0
I hope this will clear my problem
i would be extremely grateful if you help me out??
here is sample ddl of the above data
create table t
(MATCH_ID NUMBER(4) NOT NULL,
TEAM_ID NUMBER(4),
PLAYER_ID NUMBER(4),
RUNS NUMBER(3))
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 2, 1228, 8);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 2, 1203, 82);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 2, 1316, 24);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 1, 1150, 27);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 1, 1278, 13);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (1, 1, 1243, 60);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 1, 1278, 37);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 1, 1291, 0);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 1, 1243, 53);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 2, 1228, 25);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 2, 1285, 103);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (2, 2, 1316, 60);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 2, 1228, 8);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 2, 1285, 25);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 2, 858, 43);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 1, 1278, 52);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 1, 1394, 6);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (3, 1, 1243, 31);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 1, 1278, 61);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 1, 1394, 6);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 1, 1243, 3);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 2, 1228, 41);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 2, 1285, 40);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (4, 2, 858, 5);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (6, 2, 1228, 20);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (6, 2, 1285, 100);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (6, 2, 1408, 0);
insert into t (MATCH_ID, TEAM_ID, PLAYER_ID, RUNS) values (7, 2, 1228,
Followup September 24, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
It was a bit hard to follow, but I believe you want this:
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select match_id, team_id, player_id, runs,
2 count(*) over (partition by player_id order by match_id)-1 cnt,
3 sum(runs) over (partition by player_id order by match_id)-runs runs_tot
4 from t
5 order by match_id, player_id
6 /
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PLAYER_ID RUNS CNT RUNS_TOT
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 1150 27 0 0
1 2 1203 82 0 0
1 2 1228 8 0 0
1 1 1243 60 0 0
1 1 1278 13 0 0
1 2 1316 24 0 0
2 2 1228 25 1 8
2 1 1243 53 1 60
2 1 1278 37 1 13
2 2 1285 103 0 0
2 1 1291 0 0 0
2 2 1316 60 1 24
3 2 858 43 0 0
3 2 1228 8 2 33
3 1 1243 31 2 113
3 1 1278 52 2 50
3 2 1285 25 1 103
3 1 1394 6 0 0
4 2 858 5 1 43
4 2 1228 41 3 41
4 1 1243 3 3 144
4 1 1278 61 3 102
4 2 1285 40 2 128
4 1 1394 6 1 6
6 2 1228 20 4 82
6 2 1285 100 3 168
6 2 1408 0 0 0
7 2 1228 15 5 102
7 2 1285 34 4 268
7 2 1408 44 1 0
8 2 1228 0 6 117
8 2 1340 66 0 0
8 2 1420 31 0 0
9 2 1340 0 1 66
9 2 1385 28 0 0
9 2 1420 19 1 31
36 rows selected.
compare two tables
September 25, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bhavesh Ghodasara from Junagadh,Gujarat,India
Hi tom,
I have two tables with same structure but different data..
say : t and t_log
when user make changes in t the old data stored in t_log..
now i want to make a report in which i have to display only the columns of t that is changed..
and dont want to hardcoded comparision like t.a=t_log.a
because i have 96 columns..
so how can I get columns only which are changed..
for example:
column_name oldvalue newvalue
a 0 1
Is it possible by just sql query or i have to do it by pl/sql..
thanks in advance
BHavesh
Followup September 25, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
well, I will not promise this technique scales up, but I've used this many a time to compare rows
column/column down the page:
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create or replace type myScalarType as object
2 ( rnum number, cname varchar2(30), val varchar2(4000) )
3 /
Type created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create or replace type myTableType as table of myScalarType
2 /
Type created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create or replace
2 function cols_as_rows( p_query in varchar2 ) return myTableType
3 -- this function is designed to be installed ONCE per database, and
4 -- it is nice to have ROLES active for the dynamic sql, hence the
5 -- AUTHID CURRENT_USER
6 authid current_user
7 -- this function is a pipelined function -- meaning, it'll send
8 -- rows back to the client before getting the last row itself
9 -- in 8i, we cannot do this
10 PIPELINED
11 as
12 l_theCursor integer default dbms_sql.open_cursor;
13 l_columnValue varchar2(4000);
14 l_status integer;
15 l_colCnt number default 0;
16 l_descTbl dbms_sql.desc_tab;
17 l_rnum number := 1;
18 begin
19 -- parse, describe and define the query. Note, unlike print_table
20 -- i am not altering the session in this routine. the
21 -- caller would use TO_CHAR() on dates to format and if they
22 -- want, they would set cursor_sharing. This routine would
23 -- be called rather infrequently, I did not see the need
24 -- to set cursor sharing therefore.
25 dbms_sql.parse( l_theCursor, p_query, dbms_sql.native );
26 dbms_sql.describe_columns( l_theCursor, l_colCnt, l_descTbl );
27 for i in 1 .. l_colCnt loop
28 dbms_sql.define_column( l_theCursor, i, l_columnValue, 4000 );
29 end loop;
30
31 -- Now, execute the query and fetch the rows. Iterate over
32 -- the columns and "pipe" each column out as a separate row
33 -- in the loop. increment the row counter after each
34 -- dbms_sql row
35 l_status := dbms_sql.execute(l_theCursor);
36 while ( dbms_sql.fetch_rows(l_theCursor) > 0 )
37 loop
38 for i in 1 .. l_colCnt
39 loop
40 dbms_sql.column_value( l_theCursor, i, l_columnValue );
41 pipe row
42 (myScalarType( l_rnum, l_descTbl(i).col_name, l_columnValue ));
43 end loop;
44 l_rnum := l_rnum+1;
45 end loop;
46
47 -- clean up and return...
48 dbms_sql.close_cursor(l_theCursor);
49 return;
50 end cols_as_rows;
51 /
Function created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select *
2 from TABLE( cols_as_rows('select *
3 from emp
4 where rownum = 1') );
RNUM CNAME VAL
---------- --------------- --------------------
1 EMPNO 7369
1 ENAME SMITH
1 JOB CLERK
1 MGR 7902
1 HIREDATE 17-dec-1980 00:00:00
1 SAL 800
1 COMM
1 DEPTNO 20
8 rows selected.
Now, to see how you can use it:
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create table emp as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> create table emp2 as select * from scott.emp;
Table created.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> update emp2 set ename = lower(ename) where mod(empno,3) = 0;
7 rows updated.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> commit;
Commit complete.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> alter session set nls_date_format ='dd-mon-yyyy hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select a.pk, a.cname, a.val, b.val
2 from (
3 select cname, val,
4 max(case when cname='EMPNO' then val end) over (partition by rnum) pk
5 from table( cols_as_rows( 'select * from emp' ) ) x
6 ) A,
7 (
8 select cname, val,
9 max(case when cname='EMPNO' then val end) over (partition by rnum) pk
10 from table( cols_as_rows( 'select * from emp2' ) ) x
11 ) B
12 where a.pk = b.pk
13 and a.cname = b.cname
14 and decode( a.val, b.val, 0, 1 ) = 1
15 /
PK CNAME VAL VAL
-------------------- --------------- -------------------- --------------------
7521 ENAME WARD ward
7566 ENAME JONES jones
7698 ENAME BLAKE blake
7782 ENAME CLARK clark
7788 ENAME SCOTT scott
7839 ENAME KING king
7902 ENAME FORD ford
7 rows selected.
ops$tkyte@ORA10G>
We had to carry the primary key down by RNUM (by original row) and join primary key+cname to
primary key+cname - decode is an easy way to compare columns, even when null.
You can see and obvious enhancement you can make for your specific case, the cols_as_rows function
can easily output the primary key (modify the type, add an attribute and output it) so you can skip
the analytic.
Yes, there are other ways to transpose a table using a cartesian join to a table with 96 rows and
decode, but this is something I had sitting around
thanks
September 25, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bhavesh Ghodasara from Junagadh,Gujarat,India
hi tom,
thanks a lot...you are simpally oracle GOD..
I spend my whole sunday behind this question..i try to do it by pl/sql like create two cursors and
compare the value and insert into intermidiate table...
but your solutions looks lot better then it and its also genralized...
but i dont know much about pipelined function but just going to read tonight..
I have problem when run this query :
SELECT *
FROM TABLE( cols_as_rows('select *
FROM emp
WHERE ROWNUM = 1') );
ORA-22905: cannot access rows from a non-nested table item
what is table??
by the way we are using here 10g version :10.1.0.2.0
Bhavesh.
Followup September 25, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
No one has that title - really.
Table is builtin - part of SQL - but I ran the example in 10.1, did you use my code "as is"?
Sql query
September 26, 2005 - 4am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagadeesh Tata from Hyderabad, India
Hi Tom,
I have the following requirement. I have a query as
SELECT A.RESULT_CODE
FROM JTF_IH_RESULTS_TL A,JTF_IH_WRAP_UPS B
WHERE A.RESULT_ID = B.RESULT_ID
AND A.RESULT_CODE IN (
'Billing',
'Voice Service/ Feature Related',
'WAP Corporate Directory')
I want to get the value that is not in the table.
Say for example 'Billing' is not available in table. I want to get the data using a sql statement.
Thanks and Regards,
Jagadeesh Tata
Followup September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
does not make sense to me yet......
SQL - HOW TO WRITE
September 26, 2005 - 6am Central time zone
Reviewer: VIKAS SANGAR from INDIA
Dear Mr. Kyte
Can you pls, kindly help me out with a query that I am trying to work out, to get the following
output...
Suppose in my database, I have a Table T1 with its Columns as c1, c2 and c3, and a few rows of
records such as, for example Row1 has the data set for above three columns as c1=a, c2=b, c3=c, now
I want to write a query based on this Table, the out put of which comes out as:-
Column_name dummy Records
------------- ------- --------
c1 := a
c2 := b
c3 := c
3 Rows selected.
Can you pls suggest, me a way as for how to achive the above output.
Take care, regards...
Vikas.
Followup September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
don't get it, i don't know what is really in the table in the first place.
you need a create table and insert into for me to play with.
September 26, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bhavesh Ghodasara from Junagadh,Gujarat,India
hi tom,
yes I use yours code as it is..
with no changes.
Bhavesh.
Followup September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
demonstrate for me, create your table with as few columns as possible, insert as little data as you
can to simulate the issue and show me what you mean.
September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA
Thanks Tom! In our real case , we don't know the value of CODE yet (it can be anything ) then how
can we write the different decodes ?
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select name, max(decode(code,'CODE1',percent,null)) code1,
2 max(decode(code,'CODE2',percent,null)) code2 ,
3 max(decode(code,'CODE3',percent,null)) code3,
4 max(decode(code,'CODE4',percent,null)) code4
5 from temp_fluids
6* group by name
SQL> /
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3 CODE4
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
Followup September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
you have to run a query then, to get the codes, and then construct the query based on that output
and execute it.
which rights I required??
September 26, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bhavesh Ghodasara from Junagadh,Gujarat,India
hi tom,
SQL> CREATE TABLE t
2 (
3 empno NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
4 ename VARCHAR2(10)
5 );
Table created.
SQL> insert into t values(1,'Bhavesh');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t values(2,'Tom');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into t values(3,'Rahul');
1 row created.
SQL> create table t_log
2 as select * from t;
Table created.
SQL> create or replace type myTableType as table of myScalarType;
2 /
Type created.
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE
2 FUNCTION Cols_As_Rows( p_query IN VARCHAR2 ) RETURN myTableType
3 -- this function is designed to be installed ONCE per database, and
4 -- it is nice to have ROLES active for the dynamic sql, hence the
5 -- AUTHID CURRENT_USER
6 authid current_user
7 -- this function is a pipelined function -- meaning, it'll send
8 -- rows back to the client before getting the last row itself
9 -- in 8i, we cannot do this
10 PIPELINED
11 AS
12 l_theCursor INTEGER DEFAULT dbms_sql.open_cursor;
13 l_columnValue VARCHAR2(4000);
14 l_status INTEGER;
15 l_colCnt NUMBER DEFAULT 0;
16 l_descTbl dbms_sql.desc_tab;
17 l_rnum NUMBER := 1;
18 BEGIN
19 -- parse, describe and define the query. Note, unlike print_table
20 -- i am not altering the session in this routine. the
21 -- caller would use TO_CHAR() on dates to format and if they
22 -- want, they would set cursor_sharing. This routine would
23 -- be called rather infrequently, I did not see the need
24 -- to set cursor sharing therefore.
25 dbms_sql.parse( l_theCursor, p_query, dbms_sql.native );
26 dbms_sql.describe_columns( l_theCursor, l_colCnt, l_descTbl );
27 FOR i IN 1 .. l_colCnt LOOP
28 dbms_sql.define_column( l_theCursor, i, l_columnValue, 4000 );
29 END LOOP;
30
31 -- Now, execute the query and fetch the rows. Iterate over
32 -- the columns and "pipe" each column out as a separate row
33 -- in the loop. increment the row counter after each
34 -- dbms_sql row
35 l_status := dbms_sql.EXECUTE(l_theCursor);
36 WHILE ( dbms_sql.fetch_rows(l_theCursor) > 0 )
37 LOOP
38 FOR i IN 1 .. l_colCnt
39 LOOP
40 dbms_sql.column_value( l_theCursor, i, l_columnValue );
41 pipe ROW
42 (myScalarType( l_rnum, l_descTbl(i).col_name, l_columnValue ));
43 END LOOP;
44 l_rnum := l_rnum+1;
45 END LOOP;
46
47 -- clean up and return...
48 dbms_sql.close_cursor(l_theCursor);
49 RETURN;
50 END cols_as_rows;
51 /
Function created.
1 select *
2 from TABLE( cols_as_rows('select *
3 from t
4* where rownum = 1') )
SQL> /
from TABLE( cols_as_rows('select *
*
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-22905: cannot access rows from a non-nested table item
-------------------------------------
but
SQL> select cols_as_rows('select * from t where rownum=1') from dual;
COLS_AS_ROWS('SELECT*FROMT(RNUM, CNAME, VAL)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYTABLETYPE(MYSCALARTYPE(1, 'EMPNO', '1'), MYSCALARTYPE(1, 'ENAME', 'Bhavesh'))
whats that??
what rights are required to execute queries??
I think problem with rights..
Bhavesh
Followup September 26, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
what is your cursor_sharing set to?
you can use
cast( cols_as_rows( .... ) as mytableType )
instead of just cols_as rows - I think you might have cursor_sharing set :(
September 26, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks Tom!
Created a table to hold the distinct codes and able to get the values from there as shown below.Now
the issue is
how to change the label of the columns depending on the values of codes ?
SQL> select * from hold_codes;
CODES SEQ
--------------- ----------
CODE1 1
CODE2 2
CODE3 3
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) code1,
2 max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) code2,
3 max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) code3
4 from temp_fluids a ,hold_Codes b
5 where a.code = b.codes
6* group by name
SQL> /
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
Followup September 26, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
you control the name of the label -- you named them code1, code2, code3 here but you can call them
a, b, c if you like - you control that entirely.
September 26, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I think I was not clear. I want the output column names same as the data in HOLD_Codes table
dynamically.
Lets say my data set looks like below. and instead of hardsetting the names of the output cloumns
as code1 ,code2 etc I want to display the actual values from HOLD_CODEs table dynamically.How to do
that ?
SQL> select * from hold_codes;
CODES SEQ
--------------- ----------
apple 1
orange 2
some other label 3
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) code1,
2 max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) code2,
3 max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) code3
4 from temp_fluids a ,hold_Codes b
5 where a.code = b.codes
6* group by name
SQL> /
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
Followup September 27, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
but as said -- you have to "know" what the number of columns and their names are when the query is
parsed.
Therefore, you
a) query codes table in order to
b) construct query with specific information from codes table.
September 26, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
In sqlplus one way is...
SQL> column a new_value b ;
SQL> select codes a from hold_codes where seq =1;
A
---------------
CODE1
SQL>
SQL> column a1 new_value b1 ;
SQL> select codes a1 from hold_codes where seq =2;
A1
---------------
CODE2
SQL>
SQL> column a2 new_value b2 ;
SQL> select codes a2 from hold_codes where seq =3;
A2
---------------
CODE3
SQL>
SQL> select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) &b,
2 max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) &b1,
3 max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) &b2
4 from temp_fluids a ,hold_Codes b
5 where a.code = b.codes
6 group by name
7 /
old 1: select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) &b,
new 1: select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) CODE1,
old 2: max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) &b1,
new 2: max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) CODE2,
old 3: max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) &b2
new 3: max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) CODE3
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
September 26, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Can we do the similar thing in plsql?
Followup September 27, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
yes, you write some SQL, that SQL queries the code table.
Based on what you find in the code table you build your query.
then, you execute it.
September 26, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I meant to say , can we do the similar thing in one sql without using sqlplus as sqlplus is not an
option for our case. Thanks!
Followup September 27, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
you can do anything in code you want - just query the codes, build the query and execute it.
Query help ....
September 26, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I have table "login"
create table login (user_code varchar2(10),user_session varchar2(30),user_action
varchar2(10),user_time date);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c2','asdfadsfasdfasdf2','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf3','LOGOUT',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf4','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf6','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf7','LOGOUT',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf8','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf10','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf31','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf4','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','RECONNECT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf6','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','LOGIN',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf8','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf10','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf101','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf3','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','LOGOUT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf61','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf81','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','LOGIN'sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf101','LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','LOGIN',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf81','LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9', 'LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1010','LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','RECONNECT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf811','LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf91', 'LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1010','RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf411','LOGIN',sysdate );
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','LOGOUT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf811','RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf91', 'RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf1001','LOGIN',sysdate );
Now I want to know how many users(c1,c2..) are "logged in" at any given time.
this is a sample data the real login table contains 500k rows.
and also this login report must calculate logins from prevous days if the
user did not log out..
q1.) is it possible ? can you help me solve this issue.
q2) how would you design this kind of table ?
Query help
September 26, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
In above qestion I want to know
1.) how may and which users are loggin in at given time
TIA
Followup September 27, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
select * from v$session?
Query help
September 26, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
the database is : oracle 8.1.7.4
sun sol 2.8
FEEDBACK -> SQL - HOW TO WRITE?
September 27, 2005 - 1am Central time zone
Reviewer: VIKAS from INDIA
Dear Mr. Kyte,
As desired by you here is the above mentioned Table created for your consideration with some
changes and additions.
sql> create table T1(ID number(2), Initials varchar2(4),
JoinDate date);
TABLE CREATED.
Now, Insert a row,
sql> insert into T1 values(01, 'VKS', '01-MAR-04');
1 ROW CREATED.
sql> Commit;
Now, Select records to check,
sql> select * from T1;
ID Initials JoinDate
------ -------- ----------
1 VKS 1-MAR-04
Here, after this, all that I want is to write a query or PL/SQL procedure, which gives the
following output from above Table T1.
column Dummy Records
-------- ------- -----------
ID := 1;
Initials := VKS;
JoinDate := 1-MAR-04;
Or may something like this..
column Dummy
-------- ---------------
ID := 1;
Initials := VKS;
JoinDate := 1-MAR-04;
Or even this...
Dummy
-----------------------
ID := 1;
Initials := VKS;
JoinDate := 1-MAR-04;
I hope now its clear, for you to get my point. Can you pls help me out with this.
Take care, regards.
Vikas.
done it
September 27, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bhavesh Ghodasara from Junagadh,Gujarat,India
hi tom,
I solve the problem like
FROM TABLE (CAST (cols_as_rows ('select * FROM mst_personal') AS mytabletype)) x) a
thanks ..I just done it before your answer..
but why some times you have to cast and some time not..
Bhavesh
Followup September 27, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
you have cursor sharing set on - it is an issue, cursor sharing <> exact indicates you have a
serious bug in your developed applications!
Re:
September 27, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh malhi from Delhi ( India )
<code>Hi Vikas,
I used this code for that. It is very usefull for day to day
activities
SQL> create or replace procedure p ( p_str varchar2)
2 authid current_user
3 as
4 v_cur int := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
5 v_exe int ;
6 v_tot_cols int;
7 v_tab_desc dbms_sql.desc_tab;
8 v_col_value varchar2(4000);
9 begin
10 dbms_sql.parse(v_cur,p_str,dbms_sql.native);
11 dbms_sql.describe_columns(v_cur,v_tot_cols,v_tab_desc);
12 for i in 1..v_tot_cols loop
13 dbms_sql.define_column(v_cur,i,v_col_value,4000);
14 end loop;
15 --
16 v_exe := dbms_sql.execute(v_cur);
17 --------
18 loop
19 exit when ( dbms_sql.fetch_rows(v_cur) <= 0 ) ;
20 --
21 for i in 1..v_tot_cols loop
22 dbms_sql.column_Value(v_cur,i,v_col_value);
23 dbms_output.put_line(rpad(v_tab_desc(i).col_name,30,' ')||' : '||v_col_value);
24 end loop;
25 --
26 end loop;
27 -------
28 dbms_sql.close_cursor(v_cur);
29* end;
Procedure created.
SQL> set serveroutput on size 100000
SQL> exec p ( ' Select * from v$database ' );
DBID : 2903310348
NAME : JS
CREATED : 01-JAN-99
RESETLOGS_CHANGE# : 836266
RESETLOGS_TIME : 01-JAN-99
PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# : 1
PRIOR_RESETLOGS_TIME : 01-JAN-99
LOG_MODE : ARCHIVELOG
CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# : 856397
ARCHIVE_CHANGE# : 0
CONTROLFILE_TYPE : CURRENT
CONTROLFILE_CREATED : 01-JAN-99
CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE# : 712
CONTROLFILE_CHANGE# : 856399
CONTROLFILE_TIME : 01-JAN-99
OPEN_RESETLOGS : NOT ALLOWED
VERSION_TIME : 01-JAN-99
OPEN_MODE : READ WRITE
PROTECTION_MODE : MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
PROTECTION_LEVEL : MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
REMOTE_ARCHIVE : ENABLED
ACTIVATION# : 2903250804
DATABASE_ROLE : PRIMARY
ARCHIVELOG_CHANGE# : 856396
SWITCHOVER_STATUS : SESSIONS ACTIVE
DATAGUARD_BROKER : DISABLED
GUARD_STATUS : NONE
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN : NO
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK : NO
SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI : NO
FORCE_LOGGING : NO
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> exec p ( ' select * from dba_tables where table_name = ''T'' ');
OWNER : OPS$ORA9
TABLE_NAME : T
TABLESPACE_NAME : TEST
CLUSTER_NAME :
IOT_NAME :
PCT_FREE : 10
PCT_USED :
INI_TRANS : 1
MAX_TRANS : 255
INITIAL_EXTENT : 65536
NEXT_EXTENT :
MIN_EXTENTS : 1
MAX_EXTENTS : 2147483645
PCT_INCREASE :
FREELISTS :
FREELIST_GROUPS :
LOGGING : YES
BACKED_UP : N
NUM_ROWS : 397
BLOCKS : 19629
EMPTY_BLOCKS : 339
AVG_SPACE : 1871
CHAIN_CNT : 397
AVG_ROW_LEN : 2019
AVG_SPACE_FREELIST_BLOCKS : 0
NUM_FREELIST_BLOCKS : 0
DEGREE : 1
INSTANCES : 1
CACHE : N
TABLE_LOCK : ENABLED
SAMPLE_SIZE : 397
LAST_ANALYZED : 01-JAN-99
PARTITIONED : NO
IOT_TYPE :
TEMPORARY : N
SECONDARY : N
NESTED : NO
BUFFER_POOL : DEFAULT
ROW_MOVEMENT : DISABLED
GLOBAL_STATS : NO
USER_STATS : NO
DURATION :
SKIP_CORRUPT : DISABLED
MONITORING : NO
CLUSTER_OWNER :
DEPENDENCIES : DISABLED
COMPRESSION : DISABLED
OWNER : access
TABLE_NAME : T
TABLESPACE_NAME : SYSTEM
CLUSTER_NAME :
IOT_NAME :
PCT_FREE : 10
PCT_USED : 40
Need diff. type for each table.
September 27, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh from INIDA
Hi Bhavesh,
I think for that we need diff. type for each diff. table.
Thanks,
Js
Re:
September 27, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh from INIDA
Bhavesh,
I thought you answered Viaks's query. But you have diff. question.
I apologies.
Js
September 27, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks Tom! pl/sql works okay.
Can I do this job in one SQL instead?
SQL> create or replace procedure return_matrix(p_cursor out get_matrix_fluids.refcursor_type ) as
2 a1 varchar2(20);
3 a2 varchar2(20);
4 a3 varchar2(20);
5 v_query varchar2(1000);
6 begin
7 select codes into a1 from hold_codes where seq =1;
8 select codes into a2 from hold_codes where seq =2;
9 select codes into a3 from hold_codes where seq =3;
10 v_query := 'select name, max(decode(seq,1,percent,null)) '|| a1
11 || ', max(decode(seq,2,percent,null)) '|| a2
12 ||' , max(decode(seq,3,percent,null)) '|| a3
13 ||' from temp_fluids a ,hold_Codes b
14 where a.code = b.codes
15 group by name';
16 open p_cursor for v_query;
17 end;
18 /
Procedure created.
SQL> execute return_matrix(:a);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print a
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
SQL>
Followup September 27, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
I would have thought of code like this:
v_query := 'select name';
for x in ( seledct * from hold_codes order by seq )
loop
v_query := v_query || ', max(decode(seq,' || x.seq || ',percent,null)) "' ||
x.codes || '"'
end loop;
v_query := v_query || ' from ......';
Query help ....
September 27, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Tom,
this is a custom login table, "login"
Whenever user logs in OUR application (not oracle user account hance not v$session), we insert a
row as whether he logged in, reconnected or logged out. I have provided
create table and insert stmts. to generate test data
the session there represents java session to OUR custome application.
Please help me find which are the users logged in at given time, from the "login" table.
TIA
Followup September 27, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
I've not a clue what "YOUR" login table which presumably YOU designed to answer the questions you
need to ask of it looks like.
Thanks Tom! You are the best!
September 27, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from VA USA
"I would have thought of code like this:"
Thanks for this tips. I think its a great idea! Will write the code accordingly.
September 27, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks Tom!
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 create or replace procedure return_matrix(p_cursor out
2 get_matrix_fluids.refcursor_type ) as
3 a1 varchar2(20);
4 a2 varchar2(20);
5 a3 varchar2(20);
6 v_query varchar2(1000);
7 begin
8 v_query := 'select name';
9 for x in ( select * from hold_codes order by seq )
10 loop
11 v_query := v_query || ', max(decode(seq,' || x.seq || ',percent,null)) "' ||
12 x.codes || '"';
13 end loop;
14 v_query := v_query || 'from temp_fluids a ,hold_Codes b
15 where a.code = b.codes
16 group by name';
17 open p_cursor for v_query;
18* end;
SQL> /
Procedure created.
SQL> execute return_matrix(:a);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> print a
NAME CODE1 CODE2 CODE3
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
NAME1 10 10 10
NAME2 20 20
NAME3 30 30
NAME4 40
Query help....
September 27, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Oracle 8.1.7.4
os : sun sol 2.8
I have table "login"
create table login
(user_code varchar2(10),
user_session varchar2(30), -- "Application java seesion not oracle seesion"
user_action varchar2(10),
user_time date);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c2','asdfadsfasdfasdf2','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf3','LOGOUT',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf4','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf6','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf7','LOGOUT',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf8','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf10','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf31','LOGIN',sysdate -10);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf4','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','RECONNECT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf6','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','LOGIN',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf8','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf10','LOGOUT',sysdate -5);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf101','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c3','asdfadsfasdfasdf3','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf5','LOGOUT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c6','asdfadsfasdfasdf61','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf81','LOGIN',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9','RECONNECT',sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','LOGIN'sysdate -3);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf101','LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','LOGIN',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf81','LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf9', 'LOGOUT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','RECONNECT',sysdate -2);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1010','LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf41','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','RECONNECT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c7','asdfadsfasdfasdf71','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf811','LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf91', 'LOGIN',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf100','LOGOUT',sysdate -1);
insert into login values ('c1','asdfadsfasdfasdf1010','RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c4','asdfadsfasdfasdf411','LOGIN',sysdate );
insert into login values ('c5','asdfadsfasdfasdf51','LOGOUT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c8','asdfadsfasdfasdf811','RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c9','asdfadsfasdfasdf91', 'RECONNECT',sysdate);
insert into login values ('c10','asdfadsfasdfasdf1001','LOGIN',sysdate );
<B>
Now I want to know which and how many users(c1,c2..) are "logged in" at any given time.
</B>
This is a sample data the real login table contains 500k rows.
and also this login report must calculate logins from prevous days if the user did not log out..
q1.)how may and which users are loggin in at given time
q2) how would you design this kind of table ?
TIA
Followup September 27, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone:
there would be a single record per "session".
those that are logged in - they don't have a logout time, done.
are you sure you always have a logout record, if a session times out, do you have records inserted
in there accordingly,
question: can we just look for login records such that there is NO subsequent LOGOUT records?
Query Help....
September 27, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Yes, that is what I want,
# of logins(and or reconnects) that does not have log out so far.
Yes, there no time out, a user can be logged into system for as many DAYS as he/she wants..
This should give me how many users are connected to the system.
Followup September 27, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA10G> select *
2 from (
3 select user_code,
4 user_action,
5 user_time,
6 lead(user_action) over (partition by user_code order by user_time) next_action
7 from login
8 where user_action in ( 'LOGIN', 'LOGOUT' )
9 )
10 where user_action = 'LOGIN'
11 and next_action is null
12 /
USER_CODE USER_ACTIO USER_TIME NEXT_ACTIO
---------- ---------- --------- ----------
c1 LOGIN 26-SEP-05
c10 LOGIN 27-SEP-05
c2 LOGIN 17-SEP-05
c3 LOGIN 17-SEP-05
c4 LOGIN 27-SEP-05
c6 LOGIN 24-SEP-05
c8 LOGIN 26-SEP-05
c9 LOGIN 26-SEP-05
8 rows selected.
SQL QUERY HELP???
September 27, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from pak
Hi,
i have a student quiz scores table in which data is stored in the following
format
QUIZ_ID STUDENT_ID CLASS_ID SCORES
--------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 1150 1 27
1 1278 1 13
1 1243 1 60
1 1277 1 41
1 1215 1 12
1 1364 2 22
1 1361 2 10
2 1278 1 13
2 1243 1 60
2 1215 1 12
2 1364 2 22
2 1361 2 10
2 1960 6 54
WELL, the problem is that I want the output in the format based on some conditions..
STUDENT_ID CLASS_ID SUM(STUDENT TOTAL_CLASS TOTAL_QUIZ
_SCORES) _SCORES SCORES
here
1. STUDENT_ID
2. CLASS_ID is the class_id of the respective student
3. sum(student_scores) is the sum of SCORES of each
student in all quizes he participated
4. TOTAL_CLASS_scores is the SUM of all scores of all
students belonging to the student's CLASS_ID, ONLY in
those quizes in which the student also participated
5. total_quiz_scores is the sum of all scores of all
students of all classes ONLY in quizes in which that
student also participated
hope this will be clear enough for my requiremnet
now here is my disired output
STUDENT_ID CLASS_ID SUM(SCORES) TOTAL_CLASS TOTAL_QUIZ
SCORES SCORES
1150 1 27 153 185
1215 1 24 238 356
1243 1 120 238 356
1277 1 41 153 185
1278 1 26 238 356
1361 2 20 64 356
1364 2 44 64 365
1960 6 54 54 171
I can easily get the first three columns by this query
SQL> SELECT STUDENT_ID, CLASS_ID, SUM(SCORES)
FROM T
GROUP BY STUDENT_ID, CLASS_ID
/
but unable to get the last two columns as desired..I would most prefer the shortest possible
query/yet easy and fast to achieve this for my further calculations
CREATE TABLE T
(QUIZ_ID NUMBER(4),
STUDENT_ID NUMBER(4),
CLASS_ID NUMBER(2),
SCORES NUMBER(3))
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1150,1,27);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1278,1,13);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1243,1,60);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1277,1,41);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1215,1,12);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1364,2,22);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1361,2,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1278,1,13);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1243,1,60);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1215,1,12);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1364,2,22);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1361,2,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,1960,6,54);
Followup September 27, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
assuming a student may only take a quiz ONCE.
we can assign to each row
o the sum(scores) for that same class_id and quiz_id easily, since the assumption
is that a student may take a quiz ONCE, we can sum this again safely.
o the sum(scores) for that same quiz_id, same assumption.
then aggregate...
ops$tkyte@ORA9IR2> select student_id,
2 class_id,
3 sum(scores),
4 sum(t1),
5 sum(t2)
6 from (
7 select student_id,
8 class_id,
9 scores,
10 sum(scores) over (partition by class_id, quiz_id) t1,
11 sum(scores) over (partition by quiz_id) t2
12 from t
13 )
14 group by student_id, class_id
15 /
STUDENT_ID CLASS_ID SUM(SCORES) SUM(T1) SUM(T2)
---------- ---------- ----------- ---------- ----------
1150 1 27 153 185
1215 1 24 238 356
1243 1 120 238 356
1277 1 41 153 185
1278 1 26 238 356
1361 2 20 64 356
1364 2 44 64 356
1960 6 54 54 171
8 rows selected.
I believe that is what you were looking for - make sure you understand what it does before just
using it! Run the inline view by itself to see what is being assigned at each step.
Thanx - Mr. Jagjeet Singh malhi
September 28, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: VIKAS SANGAR from INDIA
Mr. Jagjeet Singh Malhi,
Thanx a ton for the code (Procedure) supplied by you. It really works, But there is small Problem
of how to demarcate output of the columns based on their respective column datatypes. It takes even
the Number data types as String/varchar. Do you have any way to fix this out. I mean, to put
columns with char/varchar/varchar2/date datatype between the ' ' and let remain the columns with
number datatype exist freely. This will further increase the utility and effeciiveness of the
procedure, by minimising manual edits/changes, reducing errors and saving time.
I think the user_tab_cols view may prove to be handy, to achieve this.
By the way, I was Happy and Surprised to have a person from my Home Town, replying to my query.
Take care, regards..
Vikas
Re:
September 28, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh malhi from INIDA
Hello Sir,
Good Point.
May be Mr. Tom can tell us better.
My assumptions are :
================
--we can achive this by declaring 3 diff. datatype variables.
--and just check using desc_tab and stores its value in same
--datatype. But I do not see any use of this -- if it is just for printing ..
I see two diff. things in this case.
-- Considering client as SQL*PLUS ----
o One is recordset building and push to client -- at Database Level
o Client is formatting and printing the data in lines. -- at client Level
Whenever we issue any sql using any manipulation with it's
datatype or using any functions. like ..
Select .. to_number(format..),trunc(date), sum(col), min(column) ..
Oracle does all manipulation or building this recordset
at database level. and just sends the result to it's lient.
And sql*plus prints it for us ..
At the time of printing -- it is out of any datatype zone ..
its just printing lines ...
same we are doing here ..
you can issue at sql*prompt
" Select min(number),trunc(date_colum) ... from .. "
or
exec p (' Select min(number),trunc(date_colum) from ' );
I think it is same ..
again waiting for Mr. Tom's comment ..
Thanks,
Js
Query Help...,
September 28, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks, tom.
This works, but the explain plan is not good. and it takes too much time though. can not run this
in prod !!
Followup September 28, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
that is why we typically model our physical schemas to be able to rapidly answer questions we need
to ask of them
this model doesn't support your question very nicely.
You need to look at all of the login/logout records, sort them and find login records that don't
have a subsequent logout record.
we could write that in different ways - but it isn't going to be "fast" in any case.
Outputting the result in a single row
September 30, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vikas Khanna from INDIA
Hi Tom,
Please help and show us how to write a combined query to get the output as
Count(A) Count(B) Count(C) Count(D) Count(E) Count(F)
107164 138381 98008 98248 96968 84028
How can these different queries produce the result in a single row.
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-6) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 1);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-5) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 2);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-4) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 3);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-3) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 4);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-2) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 5);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-1) group by request_ter\
ms having count(*) > 6);
Select Count(request_terms) from (Select request_terms, Count(*) from request_data w\
here request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate) group by request_terms\
having count(*) > 7);
admin@DWADM> @@try
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
107164
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
138381
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
98008
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
98248
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
96968
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
84028
COUNT(REQUEST_TERMS)
--------------------
83946
Thanks
Vikas
Followup September 30, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
if i had a simple create table and some inserts to test with...
Query Help...,
September 30, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Thanks, tom,
Can you suggest a different model/structure for the "login"
table ? how would you design it provided the objectives are
1.) only to log all login,logout and reconnects from the system
2.) report how many users are logged into system right now
3.) how many times a perticular user disconnected
4.) how often user logout from the system
5.) how long user stays logged into the system.
thanks,
Followup September 30, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone:
i don't know what a reconnect is, but a login/logout record would be the same record with a login
time and a logout time (logout time is null means "not logged out")
the queries to answer the questions are then "trivial"
sql query of sum before a particular value??
October 1, 2005 - 5pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from pak
<code>Hi,
I am facing a complex problem, hope you would help
I have a table which has four columns
CREATE TABLE T
(MATCH_ID NUMBER(4),
TEAM_ID NUMBER(2),
PLayer_ID NUMBER(4),
SCORE NUMBER(3))
here match_id, team_id and pl_id are jointly primary key..
SQL> select * from t
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PLAYER_ID SCORE
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2 2 1061 8
12 2 1061 0
13 2 1061 18
14 2 1061 14
15 2 1061
17 2 1061 12
18 2 1061 33
19 2 1061 10
20 2 1061 0
21 2 1061 100
22 2 1061 41
1 1 1361 0
3 1 1361 11
4 1 1361 10
6 1 1361 10
7 1 1361 99
8 1 1361 91
9 1 1361 100
10 1 1361 76
15 1 1361 51
21 1 1361 22
34 1 1361 0
1 4 1661 0
2 4 1661 0
3 4 1661 70
4 4 1661 99
5 4 1661 12
6 4 1661 0
10 4 1960 10
15 4 1960 68
16 4 1960 14
17 4 1960 89
18 4 1960 10
19 4 1960 45
21 4 1960 63
22 4 1960 44
23 4 1960 86
24 4 1960 5
25 4 1960 3
26 4 1960 8
27 4 1960 27
28 4 1960 28
29 4 1960 141
30 4 1960 0
31 4 1960 7
32 4 1960 37
1 4 2361 100
2 4 2361 7
3 4 2361 10
4 4 2361 49
5 4 2361 12
6 4 2361 0
my requirement is to get an aggregate and max(scores) of players before he made a particluar score for the first time. For exmaple, take player_id = 1061. I want to take his total aggregate and max(score) before he made a score >= 100 (100 or more) for the first time.
His scores in order of match_id are:
SQL> select * from t where player_id = 1061 order by 1
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PLAYER_ID SCORE
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
2 2 1061 8
12 2 1061 0
13 2 1061 18
14 2 1061 14
15 2 1061
17 2 1061 12
18 2 1061 33
19 2 1061 10
20 2 1061 0
21 2 1061 100
22 2 1061 41
here the match_id shows the actual match number in which the player played..for exmaple, for the above player, he played in match_id = 2 which was actaully his match no. 1 and then he played in match_id = 12 which was actauily his second match. so he missed the remaining matches. The match_id is the key thing here because my desired output is based on that. The query would first sort the data by player_id and match_id in ascending order and then would perhaps loop through each match of the respective player to check in which match player has the score of 100 or more. when it finds such match for the respective player it should aggregate the runs and extract max(score) among all matches before the match in which he made a score of 100 or more.
now for this player my desired output is
player_id team_id sum(scores) Max(scores) min(match_id) max(match_id)
1061 2 95 33 2 20
here
Player_id: is player_id.
Team_id is player's team_id.
Sum(scores): is the sum of all scores of the player before he made a score of 100 or more for the first time.
Max(scores): is the maximum score of the player before he made a score of 100 or more for the first time.
Min(match_id): is the minimum match_id of the player 'in or before' which he did not make any score of 100 or more.
Max(match_id): is the maximum match_id of the player in which he played before he made a score of 100 or more in his next match.
thus for all players grouped by player_id and team_id I want the final output
in the following format
player_id team_id sum(scores) Max(scores) min(match_id) max(match_id)
1061 2 95 33 2 20
1361 1 221 99 1 8
1960 4 500 89 10 28
notice that, if a player has a score of 100 or more in his first match then he would not come into this desired output. similary if a player never had the said score in all matches that he played then he would also not come. For example, two of the players in the data i provided at the top has these issues respectively
SQL> select * from t where player_id = 2361 order by 1
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PLAYER_ID SCORE
1 4 2361 100
2 4 2361 7
3 4 2361 10
4 4 2361 49
5 4 2361 12
6 4 2361 0
as you can see he has a score of 100 or more in the first match he played, so he would not come into my desired output as he has not previous matches without a score of less than 100.
SQL> select * from t where player_id = 1661 order by 1
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID PL_ID SCORE
-------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 4 1661 0
2 4 1661 0
3 4 1661 70
4 4 1661 99
5 4 1661 12
6 4 1661 0
no score of 100 or more so not considered for the output
I hope this will be clear enough to solve problem
here is the sample ddl data
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2,2,1061,8);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (12,2,1061,0);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (13,2,1061,18);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (14,2,1061,14);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (15,2,1061,null);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (17,2,1061,12);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (18,2,1061,33);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (19,2,1061,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (20,2,1061,0);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (21,2,1061,100);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (22,2,1061,41);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1,1,1361,0);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (3,1,1361,11);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (4,1,1361,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (6,1,1361,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (7,1,1361,99);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (8,1,1361,91);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (9,1,1361,100);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (10,1,1361,76);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (15,1,1361,51);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (21,1,1361,22);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (34,1,1361,0);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (10,4,1960,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (15,4,1960,68);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (16,4,1960,14);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (17,4,1960,89);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (18,4,1960,10);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (19,4,1960,45);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (21,4,1960,63);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (22,4,1960,44);
INSERT
Query for gap "n days"
October 3, 2005 - 1am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vikas Khanna from INDIA
Hi Tom,
I have made the query myself to obtain the desired results foa a given 7 days.
Can you please help me formulating the query for a given n days. .
Select a.cnt AS "Gap 1 Day",b.cnt "Gap 2 Day",c.cnt "Gap 3 Day",d.cnt "Gap 4 Day",e.cnt "Gap 5
Day",f.cnt "Gap 6 Day",g.cnt "Gap 7 Day" from
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms ,count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-6) group by request_terms having count(*) >
1)) a ,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-5) group by request_terms having count(*) >
2)) b,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-4) group by request_terms having count(*) >
3)) c,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-3) group by request_terms having count(*) >
4)) d,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-2) group by request_terms having count(*) >
5)) e,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-1) group by request_terms having count(*) >
6)) f,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt from (Select request_terms, count(*) from request_data where
request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate) group by request_terms having count(*) >
7)) g
/
Gap 1 Day Gap 2 Day Gap 3 Day Gap 4 Day Gap 5 Day Gap 6 Day Gap 7 Day
---------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------
107164 138381 98008 98248 96968 84028 83946
The create DDL scripts is
CREATE TABLE CLICK_DATA(
CLICK_TAG VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
REQUEST_TERMS VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
REQUEST_DATE DATE
CONSTRAINT CLICK_DATA_PK PRIMARY KEY (CLICK_TAG)
USING INDEX TABLESPACE TS_INDEX
)
TABLESPACE TS_DATA;
Looking forward to the solution.
Regards
Vikas
Followup October 3, 2005 - 7am Central time zone:
you can do this without running N queries in inline views. eg: you can simplify this.
my question not answered
October 3, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from pak
Hi Tom,
you have not answered my question yet two post above
i.e.
sql query of sum before a particular value??
I am waiting for your response!
regards,
Followup October 3, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
I do not see every posting, I do not answer every single request.
In this case, I saw something that required me to page down three or four times and said simply
"don't have time for this"
In other words - too big, I answer these "quickly" or not at all.
To Ramis; your query
October 3, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from Berwyn, PA
Select t.player_id, sum(t.score), max(t.score), min(match_id), max(match_id)
From t
where match_id < ( Select t1.match_id from t t1 where t1.score=100 and t1.player_id=t.player_id)
group by t.player_id
Thia assumes match_id is in "correct" sequence in your data. If it isn't, try to use datetime
stamps for the scores. We were bitten by sequences not guaranteeing the right order for
transactions.
Please help
October 4, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vikas Khanna from INDIA
Hi Tom,
That's what I was looking for help. Can you please simplify this for me to generate this for a
given "n" number of days.
Would appreciate if you can let me know the query for this.
Regards
Vikas
Followup October 4, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
it is hard when I don't have any simple test data to play with.
I believe this:
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt
from (Select request_terms ,count(*)
from request_data
where request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-6)
group by request_terms
having count(*) > 1)) a ,
(Select Count(request_terms) cnt
from (Select request_terms, count(*)
from request_data
where request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-5)
group by request_terms
having count(*) > 2)) b,
can be phrased as this:
select count( case when rt1 > 1 then request_terms ) c1,
count( case when rt2 > 2 then request_terms ) c2,
....
from (
select request_terms
count(
case when request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-6)
then 1
end ) rt1,
count(
case when request_date between trunc(sysdate-7) and trunc(sysdate-5)
then 1
end ) rt2,
....
from request_data
where reqest_date >= trunc(sysdate-7)
group by request_terms
)
but having no data to test with....
Question on Select Query
October 4, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Newbie
I would like to know if there is a select query statement which will return true if and only if all
the rows are present in the table.
For ex:
In table ORDER_TYPE
order_id order_type
1 SHIP
2 PLANE
The select query should return true if and only if the ORDER_TYPE table contains both the values
i.e SHIP,PLANE
Followup October 4, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone:
queries don't really return "true" or "false", but rather a set of data.
select 1
from t
where order_type in ( 'SHIP', 'PLANE' )
having count(distinct order_type) = 2;
will return 1 or "nothing"
RE: NEWBIE
October 4, 2005 - 3pm Central time zone
Reviewer: David Eads from Alpharetta, GA USA
How about:
select count(*) from dual
where exists(select * from order_type where order_type='SHIP')
and exists(select * from order_type where order_type='PLANE')
Followup October 4, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
that works as well - there are many ways to do this.
Sql Query
October 4, 2005 - 7pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ian gallacher from scotland
Creating a view using where ( select In )
consider this example :-
drop table t1;
create table t1
( t1_a varchar2(1),
t1_b varchar2(1));
drop table t2;
create table t2
( t2_a varchar2(1),
t2_b varchar2(1));
drop view v1;
create view v1 as
select * from t1 where t1_a in
( select distinct t1_b from t2);
Rem t1_b not in table T2! and view created without errors
View is created without errors
why does select distinct t1_b from t2 give no errors
since t1_b is not a valid column on table t2 !
Running
select distinct t1_b from t2 alone gives error
invalid column name as expected
Any comments would be appreciated
Ian
Followup October 4, 2005 - 9pm Central time zone:
create view v1 as
select * from t1 where t1_a in
( select distinct t1.t1_b from t2);
^^^
is what you coded, perfectly 100% valid SQL and part of the way it is supposed to work.
it is called a correlated subquery, sort of like:
select * from dept
where exists ( select null from emp where emp.deptno = dept.deptno )
ALL columns are "passed" into the subquery as correlation variables.
(correlation names are good.... avoid this problem all together.)
Not a bug, but rather the way the SQL standard says to do it.
Thanks
October 4, 2005 - 11pm Central time zone
Reviewer: NewBie
Thank you all.Tom this is a very useful site.Good Work Keep it up.And one question? How can I also
become an expert like you?
sql
October 5, 2005 - 2am Central time zone
Reviewer: tony from usa
Hi tom,
I have a query here.
I have a table
V_FILE_NAM D_MIS_DATE D_SYS_DATE
ED_MISPRI 12/8/2003 1/9/2004 8:08:33 PM
ED_MISEXT 12/10/2003 1/9/2004 8:18:09 PM
ED_MISPRI 12/9/2003 1/9/2004 8:19:05 PM
ED_MISPRI 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 2:50:54 PM
ED_MISSTAT_020 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:05:52 PM
ED_MISSTAT_098 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:07:40 PM
ED_MISSTAT_101 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:07:51 PM
ED_MISSTAT_103 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:08:03 PM
ED_MISSTAT_104 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:08:13 PM
ED_MISSTAT_107 12/10/2003 1/14/2004 4:08:32 PM
ED_MISEXT 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:35:08 PM
ED_MISEXT 12/12/2003 1/15/2004 2:41:27 PM
ED_MISPRI 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:45:03 PM
ED_MISPRI 12/12/2003 1/15/2004 2:49:31 PM
ED_MISSTAT_020 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:56:49 PM
ED_MISSTAT_101 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:57:33 PM
ED_MISSTAT_103 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:57:41 PM
ED_MISSTAT_104 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:57:48 PM
ED_MISSTAT_107 12/11/2003 1/15/2004 2:57:56 PM
ED_MISSTAT_020 12/12/2003 1/15/2004 3:03:05 PM
ED_MISSTAT_101 12/12/2003 1/15/2004 3:03:26 PM
ED_MISSTAT_103 12/12/2003 1/15/2004 3:03:39 PM
here the D_SYS_DATE is the process time...
I want to get the montly audit statment where i need to get the min start time ,end time,avg time
for a month,thease are loading jobs and d_mis_date is the date on which the file came and the
process date
Followup October 5, 2005 - 7am Central time zone:
well, given your data and date format - I'm not sure what the dates represent (dd/mm/yyyy or
mm/dd/yyyy).
I don't know what MONTH a given record should fall into (the month of the START (d_mis_date) or the
month of the END (d_sys_date))
but, once you figure that out, you just
select trunc(dt,'mm'),
min(d_mis_date),
max(d_sys_date),
avg(d_sys_date-d_mis_date)
from t
group by trunc(dt,'mm')
where DT is the column you picked to be "the month"
sql query using where/in
October 5, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ian gallacher from scotland
Hi Tom,
Still a bit perplexed on behaviour of query but live and learn !
Am I using the where in construct correctly or would you suggest a different approach ?
Real life example is
T1 is view of patient contact details conditioned by a user supplied date
T2 are sets of views of other patient information for patients who are in the T1 view
Have used where distinct In T1 construct so that conditioning for patients selected is
controlled by the one view and if conditioning changes only need to amend T1 view
Hope this I have explained my self and look forward to hearing your comments
Thanks
Ian
Followup October 5, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
Yes, I would use IN
select * from t1 where some_key in ( select t2.some_other_key from t2 )
no need for distinct, the semantics of "in" don't necessitate that.
sql query using where/in
October 5, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ian gallacher from scotland
Hi Tom
Thanks - will use In with confidence and remove distinct
Ian
query
October 11, 2005 - 10pm Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Is there a way to count numbers in a varchar2 field?
ORG_CODE varchar2(10)
------------
ABC
123
456
DEF
For the above data the count should = 2.
THanks,
Followup October 12, 2005 - 7am Central time zone:
create a plsql function that tries to convert a string to a number.
function returns 1 when conversion is successful
function returns 0
then you can select count(*) from t where is_number(string) = 1;
query
October 12, 2005 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
Do you have this function anywhere on the webiste? Would you use to_number(x) and if it works you
return 1 else return 0.
Followup October 12, 2005 - 7am Central time zone:
it is a pretty simple thing - try to covert - return 1, exception block - return 0.
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select is_number( 'a' ) from dual;
IS_NUMBER('A')
--------------
0
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select is_number( '1' ) from dual;
IS_NUMBER('1')
--------------
1
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select is_number( '1e10' ) from dual;
IS_NUMBER('1E10')
-----------------
1
but - if you know your numbers are only to be digits say 0..9 - you can of course simplify this
greatly using builtin functions like translate.
query
October 12, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: mo
Tom:
This is_number function does not work in 8i and 9i. The database is 8i.
SQL> select is_number( 'a' ) from dual;
select is_number( 'a' ) from dual
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00904: invalid column name
Also the number value is always numbers 0..9.
What would you do here.
Followup October 12, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
i wante you to write it, it is a very simple thing.
create or replace function is_number( p_str in varchar2 ) return number
as
l_num number;
begin
l_num := to_number(p_str);
return 1;
exception
when others then return 0;
end;
/
Missing data found!
October 12, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Robert Simpson from Pittsburgh, PA
As for (3) in the original question, the answer to (2) works as long as the "missing" data is added
to the table. In this case, the data should be:
AC006 10 DC001 2/1/2002
AC006 20 DC002 2/1/2002
AC006 0 DC001 5/1/2002
AC006 0 DC002 5/1/2002
AC006 100 DC003 5/1/2002
AC006 50 DC004 5/2/2002
SQl QUERY
October 13, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Totu from Az
Dear All.
I have below tables:
[Docs]
DocID DocName
1 Doc1
2 Doc2
3 Doc3
....
[DocTasks]
DocID TaskID
1 1
1 2
2 1
2 3
2 2
3 2
3 1
4 5
4 2
4 1
4 3
5 3
5 2
....
[Tasks]
TaskID TaskName
1 Task1
2 Task2
3 Task3
4 Task4
...
Now I want to get TaskID-s from DocTasks table, where each that TaskID belongs to all DocID-s in
DocTasks table. For example:
TaskID 1 belongs to DocIDs(1, 2, 3, 4) -> This TaskID is not needed
TaskID 2 belongs to ALL DocIDs(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) -> This TaskID is needed
TaskID 3 belongs to DocIDs(2, 4, 5) -> This TaskID is not needed. So on..
So, Query must return only TaskID=2, because only this TaskID belongs to All DocIDs.
Thanks in advance.
Followup October 13, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
i don't really even look at these without create tables and inserts - no promises that when they
are placed here I can answer it - but......
Create table
October 13, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Bala from Bangalore, India
Hi Tom,
I need to create a table as the table which is available on another db. For eg: I am connected to X
and want to create a table on this, which already exists on database Y like,
create table abc as select abc@Y .... etc.
Is there a way to do this?
Followup October 13, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
you just gave the entire syntax for it pretty much?
create table abc as select * from abc@y;
generic sql query
October 17, 2005 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from pak
Hi Tom,
would you please help this out for me
I have a query
select t.*,
case when col2 in (1, 17)
then rank() over (order by case when col2 in (1, 17) then 0 else null end, id)
else 0
end rank
from t
order by id
/
ID COL2 RANK
1 1 1
2 17 2
3 1 3
4 1 4
5 11 0
6 1 5
well that is perfectly fine,
can we make this query a generic one, that means given any set of two col2 values it shows the
output
some things like this...
select t.*,
value1 = 1,
value2 = 17,
case when col2 in (value1, value2)
then rank() over (order by case when col2 in (value1, value2) then 0 else null end, id)
else 0
end rank
from t
order by id
/
output
ID COL2 RANK value1 value2
1 1 1 1 17
2 17 2 1 17
3 1 3 1 17
4 1 4 1 17
5 11 0 1 17
6 1 5 1 17
[/pre]
i mean in such a query we would not need to change the col2 values
inside the CASE statement but just pass the two values at the top
which will get the same desired ouput..
also value1 and value 2 should act as columns
best regards,
create table t
(id number,
col2 number)
/
insert into t values ( 1, 1)
insert into t values (2, 17)
insert into t values (3 , 1)
insert into t values (4 , 1)
insert into t values (5 , 11)
insert into t values (6 , 1)
Followup October 17, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
sql is like a program - you cannot change the columns/tables whatever in a given query. You would
have to write a procedure that dynamically BUILDS a given query based on inputs you send to it.
how to write a dynamic procedure
October 17, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from pak
Hi, tom,
thanks for your response,
would you please help me the writing a procedure, as you mentioned above, that dynamically BUILDS a
given query based on inputs we send to it.
regards,
Ramis.
October 19, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from USA
Hi Tom,
Your advice to solve this problem, would be greatly appreciated.
DROP TABLE T
/
create table T
(id number
,qty number
,trn_date date
)
/
insert into t values (1,1,'01-JAN-2005')
/
insert into t values (1,3,'03-JAN-2005')
/
insert into t values (1,7,'05-JAN-2005')
/
select * from t;
ID QTY TRN_DATE
-------------------- -------------------- ---------
1 1 01-JAN-05
1 3 03-JAN-05
1 7 05-JAN-05
For any given day, calculate the qty based on date:
The output required as:
ID QTY TRN_DATE
1 1 01-JAN-05
1 1 02-JAN-05
1 3 03-JAN-05
1 3 04-JAN-05
1 7 05-JAN-05
This is in Data Warehousing environment in Oracle 9.2.0.5.
Table has around 5 million rows with 1.5 million unique ids.
Any pointers to achieve this would be greatly appreciated.
I wrote a function to calucate quantity for any given day. For 1.5M ids, it takes around 25 min to
run.
Is there anyway, we can achieve this in single sql.
Thanks in advance.
Followup October 19, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone:
need more info.
assuming in real life - more than 1 id right and this should be "by id"
assuming in real life you will either
a) expect to find the min/max date by id for trn_date from the table and use that range for each ID
or...
b) expect to find the min/max date OVER ALL records for trn_date and use that range for each ID
or...
c) you input the date range of interest and we only use that range.
(this is a simple carry down, we can do this with analytics)
October 19, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader from USA
Hi Tom,
You are correct.
For front end tool to run faster, they want me to create a table with trn_quantity for everyday for
all ids. There is no date range. Can you please illustrate, how to achive this with analytics.
Thanks for your advice.
Followup October 20, 2005 - 7am Central time zone:
I asked a three part OR question.
I cannot be correct ;) I don't know which of the three is right.
what is "everyday"
October 20, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Tom,
Table has to be populated with qty and trn_date on a daily basis , eventhough there was no
transaction for that date.
The quantity has to be derived from the most recent quantity for that id. Hope I am clear.
Followup October 20, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone:
Ok, I put this in october to make it have less rows to demo with:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select * from t;
ID QTY TRN_DATE
---------- ---------- ---------
1 1 01-OCT-05
1 3 03-OCT-05
1 7 05-OCT-05
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1>
Your initial "populate" will insert these values, set start_date to your lowest start date you
want:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> variable start_date varchar2(20)
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> exec :start_date := '01-oct-2005';
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1>
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> with dates
2 as
3 (select to_date(:start_date,'dd-mon-yyyy')+level-1 dt
4 from dual
5 connect by level <= sysdate-to_date(:start_date,'dd-mon-yyyy')+1 ),
6 ids
7 as
8 (select distinct id from t ),
9 dates_ids
10 as
11 (select * from dates, ids )
12 select dates_ids.id, dates_ids.dt, max(t.qty) over (order by dates_ids.dt) qty
13 from dates_ids left outer join t on (dates_ids.id = t.id and dates_ids.dt = t.trn_date);
ID DT QTY
---------- --------- ----------
1 01-OCT-05 1
1 02-OCT-05 1
1 03-OCT-05 3
1 04-OCT-05 3
1 05-OCT-05 7
1 06-OCT-05 7
1 07-OCT-05 7
1 08-OCT-05 7
1 09-OCT-05 7
1 10-OCT-05 7
1 11-OCT-05 7
1 12-OCT-05 7
1 13-OCT-05 7
1 14-OCT-05 7
1 15-OCT-05 7
1 16-OCT-05 7
1 17-OCT-05 7
1 18-OCT-05 7
1 19-OCT-05 7
1 20-OCT-05 7
20 rows selected.
and then every day, you run this
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1>
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1>
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select id, sysdate, qty
2 from (select id, trn_date, max(trn_date) over (partition by id) max_dt, qty from t)
3 where trn_date = max_dt;
ID SYSDATE QTY
---------- --------- ----------
1 20-OCT-05 7
and if you "miss a day" for whatever reason, just use the first query again to fill in the gaps
October 20, 2005 - 6pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
Brilliant, as usual!!!
Thanks a lot.
I need to understand the concept behind your first query.
sql query..
October 23, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from karachi
Hi Tom,
i have a db table having thousands of records
two of the columns of that table are
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
each MATCH_ID has 22 occurances of two different TEAM_ID's (11 each)
this pattern is followed throghtout the table
i..e in above data MATCH_ID = 1 has 11 occuracnes of TEAM_ID = 2
and 11 occuracnes of TEAM_ID = 3
i want the shortest possible query that shows me the the opposite TEAM_ID
against the other TEAM_ID in the same MATCH_ID
for example (desired output)
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID OPP_TEAM_ID
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
as you can see there are two diffrent types of TEAM_ID
in the data for MATCH_ID = 1.
So, the third column shows the opposite TEAM_ID for the other
TEAM_ID in the same MATCH
hope ths will clear my requiremnt
I want the shortest possible query to achieve this
create table t
(match_id number(2),
team_id number(2))
/
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,2);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
insert into T values (1,3);
Followup October 23, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR1> select match_id, team_id,
2 decode( team_id,
3 max(team_id) over (partition by match_id) ,
4 min(team_id) over (partition by match_id) ,
5 max(team_id) over (partition by match_id) ) other_tid
6 from t
7 /
MATCH_ID TEAM_ID OTHER_TID
---------- ---------- ----------
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 2 3
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
1 3 2
22 rows selected.
sql query for this??
November 1, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: ramis from karachi
Hi
I have a table with data in the following format
Col1 COL2
A 2
B
C
D
E
F 45
G
H
I 33
I want a query that would fill the gaps with the last non-null value in col2
desired output
Col1 COL2 output_col
A 2 2
B 2
C 2
D 2
E 2
F 45 45
G 45
H 45
I 33 33
as you can see the output_column shows the last non-null value of the col2 for each row..if for any
row it finds a new col2 value then it shows that value for that row and for next rows until it
finds another new one and so on
how to achieve that from sql query...??
regards,
create table t
(col1 varchar2(10),
col2 number(5))
INSERT INTO T VALUES (A,2);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (B,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (C,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (D,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (E,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (F,45);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (G,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (H,NULL);
INSERT INTO T VALUES (I,33);
Followup November 1, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
10g and up and then 8i-9i solutions:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR2> select col1, col2, last_value(col2 ignore nulls ) over (order by col1) oc
2 from t;
COL1 COL2 OC
---------- ---------- ----------
A 2 2
B 2
C 2
D 2
E 2
F 45 45
G 45
H 45
I 33 33
9 rows selected.
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR2>
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR2> select col1, col2,
2 to_number( substr( max(oc1) over (order by col1), 7 ) ) oc
3 from (
4 select col1, col2,
5 case when col2 is not null
6 then to_char(row_number() over (order by col1),'fm000000')||
7 col2
8 end oc1
9 from t );
COL1 COL2 OC
---------- ---------- ----------
A 2 2
B 2
C 2
D 2
E 2
F 45 45
G 45
H 45
I 33 33
9 rows selected.
Creating table on another db
November 2, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Kumar from India
Hi Tom,
Earlier one person had asked about creating a table on different db and you had replied
create table abc as select * from abc@y;
But, when I tried this, I am getting
ORA-02019 connection description for remote database not found.
Regards,
kumar
Followup November 2, 2005 - 5am Central time zone:
you need to create a database link named "Y" first - see the create database link command in the
sql reference.
Cursor question
November 4, 2005 - 6am Central time zone
Reviewer: jp from Dubai
Tom,
I am trying to query information from one table and insert the information in a new table, but one
of the column is an expresion and am alway getting error
SQL> create table tab1
2 (jobs varchar2(20),
3 tot_salary number);
Table created.
SQL> create or replace procedure ins_dat is
2
3 CURSOR c1_cur is
4 select job "j", sum(sal) "s" from emp
5 group by job;
6 begin
7 for c1_rec in c1_cur
8 Loop
9 insert into tab1 values (c1_rec.j,c1_rec.s);
10
11 end loop;
12 commit;
13 end;
14 /
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
SQL> show err
Errors for PROCEDURE INS_DAT:
LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
9/1 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
9/42 PLS-00302: component 'S' must be declared
9/42 PL/SQL: ORA-00984: column not allowed here
Then I tried declaring both variables, but still getting errors..
SQL> create or replace procedure ins_dat is
2 j varchar2(20);
3 s number;
4 CURSOR c1_cur is
5 select job "j", sum(sal) "s" from emp
6 group by job;
7 begin
8 for c1_rec in c1_cur
9 Loop
10 insert into tab1 values (c1_rec.j,c1_rec.s);
11
12 end loop;
13 commit;
14 end;
15 /
Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.
SQL> show err
Errors for PROCEDURE INS_DAT:
LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
10/1 PL/SQL: SQL Statement ignored
10/42 PLS-00302: component 'S' must be declared
10/42 PL/SQL: ORA-00984: column not allowed here
Can you help me to sort it out this?
thanks
Followup November 4, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
"j" and "s" are lower case
c1_rec."j"
sql query help?
November 7, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: saad from pak
HI Tom
i have a db table having thousands of records
three of the columns of that table are
NO. M_ID T_ID
1 1 2
2 1 2
3 1 3
4 1 3
5 2 6
6 2 9
7 3 10
8 3 2
The No. column shows the chronlogical number of records in the table (this is a primary key column)
each M_ID has two different T_ID's
this pattern is followed throghout the table
i..e in above data M_ID = 1 has two distinct T_ID's i.e. 2 & 3
i want the shortest possible query that shows the ascending number of distinct "T_ID's" in each
"M_id" order by the "No." column
for example (desired output)
No. M_ID T_ID desred_column
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 2
4 1 3 2
5 2 6 1
6 2 9 2
7 3 10 1
8 3 2 2
as you can see there are two diffrent types of T_ID's in the data for M_ID = 1.
And T_ID = 2 comes first then T_ID = 3 in M_ID = 1
So, the fourth column shows the 1 for T_ID = 2 and shows 2 for T_ID = 2
hope ths will clear my requiremnt
I want the shortest possible query to achieve this
regards,
create table t
(Num_c number(4),
M_ID number(2),
T_ID number(2))
/
insert into T values (1,1,2) ;
insert into T values (2,1,2) ;
insert into T values (3,1,3) ;
insert into T values (4,1,3) ;
insert into T values (5,2,6) ;
insert into T values (6,2,9);
insert into T values (7,3,10) ;
insert into T values (8,3,2) ;
Followup November 7, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
well, count(distinct t_id) over (partition by m_id order by num_c) won't do it - you cannot order
by a distinct in this case....
would counting state changes be sufficient with your data? that is, if the data is:
1 1 2 (1)
2 1 3 (2)
3 1 3 (2)
4 1 2 (3) <<<=== does this happen, 2 to 3 to 2? and if so, is double
counting like this permitted?
just a little problem remains...??
November 7, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: saad from pak
Tom, in my question above "SQL query help?"
i have managed to solve my problem abit but still it is showing wrong result for a row
this was the data
NUM_C M_ID T_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 2
2 1 2
3 1 3
4 1 3
5 2 6
6 2 9
7 3 10
8 3 2
and this was my desired output
NUM_C M_ID T_ID RESULT_COLUMN
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 2
4 1 3 2
5 2 6 1
6 2 9 2
7 3 10 1
8 3 2 2
i used this query
select num_c
, m_id
, t_id
, dense_rank() over (partition by m_id order by t_id) result_column
from t
and it gave me this
NUM_C M_ID T_ID RESULT_COLUMN
--------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 2
4 1 3 2
5 2 6 1
6 2 9 2
8 3 2 1
7 3 10 2
please check the last two rows
the query puts num_c = 8 before num_c = 7 and hence gives wrong ranking
I want to rank the data by distinct T_ID in each M_ID as ordered by the num_c column
please help me to solve this one!
regards,
Followup November 7, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone:
you ordered by t_id, not by num_c - therefore you have no reason to say "it gives wrong answer", it
sorted by a completely different field ?!?!?
query problem??
November 7, 2005 - 8pm Central time zone
Reviewer: saad from pak
Tom,
in my question above, by wrong result I meant not according to my requirement..or not matching my
desired output..
would you please fix that one..ddl data is given with my original question (two posts above..)
regards,
to: Saad.
November 8, 2005 - 12am Central time zone
Reviewer: Marcio Portes
Saad, as far as I understand here you've got your desired result but the order, so just order it.
select *
from (
select num_c
, m_id
, t_id
, dense_rank() over (partition by m_id order by t_id) result_column
from t
)
order by num_c
problem still not solved??
November 8, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: saad from pak
Marcio Portes and Tom,
no my problem is not solved as you have suggested above in your query
select *
from (
select num_c
, m_id
, t_id
, dense_rank() over (partition by m_id order by t_id) result_column
from t
)
order by num_c
it gives this
NUM_C M_ID T_ID RESULT_COLUMN
--------- ---------- ---------- -------------
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 2
4 1 3 2
5 2 6 1
6 2 9 2
7 3 10 2
8 3 2 1
see the last two rows, for num_c = 7 it puts RESULT_COLUMN = 2 and for num_c = 8 it puts
RESULT_COLUMN = 1
it should have been
NUM_C M_ID T_ID RESULT_COLUMN
7 3 10 1
8 3 2 2
the ranking should be done ordered by the num_c column
as i am said in my original question above..
Tom, looking for your help??
Followup November 8, 2005 - 10pm Central time zone:
not sure you can do this, but if you give me a create table and insert into's, i'll give it a try
(I think i have an idea...)
select distinct
November 8, 2005 - 4pm Central time zone
Reviewer: A reader
I have a table datflow which has 5 min data
METERID
RECORDERTYPE
TESTDATETIME
AVGOFFLOWVALUE
DATE_
I need to select for each meterid and recorder type
count of distinct number of days in a month(testdatetimestamp)
something like
select meterid, recordertype,
count(distinct number of days in this month trunc(date_,'mm')) datflow_5m
group by meterid, recordertype, trunc(date_,'mm')
To Saad:
November 9, 2005 - 3am Central time zone
Reviewer: Ravi from India
Saad,
Below is one way to get the result.Its w/o using analytics.
select num_c,
m_id,
t_id,
(select count(distinct(t_id)) from t where m_id=t1.m_id and num_c<=t1.num_c) rank1
from t t1
Followup November 9, 2005 - 9am Central time zone:
yes, very good - thanks!
missed the obvious, won't be really "performant" but for small sets, that'll work.
To Ravi from India
November 9, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: saad from pak
Ravi, thank you so much for your query its done!
select num_c,
m_id,
t_id,
(select count(distinct(t_id)) from t where m_id=t1.m_id and
num_c<=t1.num_c) rank1
from t t1
/
NUM_C M_ID T_ID RANK1
------ ---------- ---------- ----------
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
3 1 3 2
4 1 3 2
5 2 6 1
6 2 9 2
7 3 10 1
8 3 2 2
regards,
null for duplicate names??sql help
November 9, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: ali from pak
Hi,
I am facing s problem hope you would help
I am running a query that shows me name of employees from a table with their
employee_ids
select emp_id, emp_name from t
/
EMP_ID EMP_NAME
1820 Waugh
1920 King
1936 Ric
1940 Taylor
2036 Smith
2123 Paul
2157 ALi
2181 Smith
2189 Joe
2332 Bichel
2333 Usman
I want that if there are more than ONE same EMP_NAMES returned by the query,
then query should not show the emp_name but instead should show 'duplicate
name' for matching names
so in my above data the name SMITH has come twice
so my desired output is
EMP_ID EMP_NAME
1820 Waugh
1920 King
1936 Ric
1940 Taylor
2036 DUPLICATE NAME
2123 Paul
2157 ALi
2181 DUPLICATE NAME
2189 Joe
2332 Bichel
2333 Usman
hope this will clear my requirement, I need the fastest and shortest possible
query to achieve this
CREATE TABLE T
(EMP_ID NUMBER(4),
EMP_NAME VARCHAR2(25))
/
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1820,'Waugh');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1920,'King');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1936,'Ric');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (1940,'Taylor');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2036,'Smith');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2123,'Paul');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2157,'ALi');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2181,'Smith');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2189,'Joe');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2332,'Bichel');
INSERT INTO T VALUES (2333,'Usman');
regards,
Followup November 11, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR2> select emp_id,
2 case when count(emp_name) over (partition by emp_name) > 1
3 then 'duplicate name'
4 else emp_name
5 end emp_name
6 from t;
EMP_ID EMP_NAME
---------- --------------------
2157 ALi
2332 Bichel
2189 Joe
1920 King
2123 Paul
1936 Ric
2181 duplicate name
2036 duplicate name
1940 Taylor
2333 Usman
1820 Waugh
11 rows selected.
re: null for duplicate names??sql help
November 9, 2005 - 12pm Central time zone
Reviewer: Jonathan Taylor from Huddersfield, UK
SQL> select emp_id
2 , decode (count(*) over (partition by emp_name)
3 ,1,emp_name
4 ,'DUPLICATE NAME'
5 ) emp_name
6 from t
7 ;
EMP_ID EMP_NAME
------ -------------------------
2157 ALi
2332 Bichel
2189 Joe
1920 King
2123 Paul
1936 Ric
2036 DUPLICATE NAME
2181 DUPLICATE NAME
1940 Taylor
2333 Usman
1820 Waugh
11 rows selected
November 9, 2005 - 2pm Central time zone
Reviewer: fz from CA USA
from
A B
---------- -
1 x
1 y
2 y
3 x
is there a simple sql to get following?
A B
---------- -
1 x
2 y
3 x
(whenever 'A' is same, just take value 'x').
Followup November 11, 2005 - 10am Central time zone:
select a, max(b) from t group by a;
..to fz
November 10, 2005 - 7am Central time zone
Reviewer: Alex N from Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
select a
, b
from (select a
, b
, Row_Number() over (partition by a
order by b
) rn
from t
)
where rn = 1
understanding not in operator
November 10, 2005 - 8am Central time zone
Reviewer: Vaibhav from India
SQL> select * from temp1;
CASE_ID BRIDGE_ID
---------- --------------------
A id1
B id2
C id3
SQL> select * from temp2;
USER_CD BRIDGE_ID
---------- ---------------
U1 id1
U2
U3 id2
SQL> select * from temp1 where bridge_id not in (select bridge_id from temp2);
no rows selected
SQL> select BRIDGE_ID from temp1
2 minus
3 select bridge_id from temp2;
BRIDGE_ID
--------------------
id3
If there's a null value, why doesnt the "not in" query work ?
Followup November 11, 2005 - 11am Central time zone:
not in query did work, it did exactly what not in is defined and supposed to do.
when you have:
where x not in ( select y from t );
and some Y is NULL - it is "not known" if X is "not in" that set - nulls change everything
not exists and not in are "not equivalent"
To Ferdinand Maer -: Ename with space
November 10, 2005 - 9am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh from Delhi, India
SQL> r
1 select ename, substr(e,instr(e,':')+1) ename2 from
2* ( select ename, replace( dump(ename,17),',',' ') e from emp )
ENAME ENAME2
------------ ---------------------------------------------
SMITH S M I T H
ALLEN A L L E N
WARD W A R D
JONES J O N E S
MARTIN M A R T I N
BLAKE B L A K E
CLARK C L A R K
SCOTT S C O T T
KING K I N G
TURNER T U R N E R
ADAMS A D A M S
JAMES J A M E S
FORD F O R D
MILLER M I L L E R
14 rows selected.
To Jagjeet Singh
November 11, 2005 - 11am Central time zone
Reviewer: Matthias Rogel from Kaiserslautern, Germany
nice idea, but not 100%-correct
insert into emp(ename) values ('A,B')
how to generate seasons??
November 11, 2005 - 1pm Central time zone
Reviewer: saadia from pak
Tom,
I want to generate all the seasons between year 1950 upto 2005-06 season from a query..
in this format
SEASONS
1950
1950-51
1951
1951-52
1952
1952-53
1953
1953-54
....
....
....
....
2005
2005-06
would would be the query to get this ouput
regards,
Followup November 12, 2005 - 8am Central time zone:
ops$tkyte@ORA10GR2> with nums
2 as
3 (select ceil(level/2)-1 l, rownum r
4 from dual
5 connect by level <= (to_number(to_char(sysdate,'yyyy'))-1950+1)*2 )
6 select to_char( 1950 + l ) || case when mod(r,2) = 0 then '-' || substr(to_char( 1950+l+1,
'fm9999') ,3) end dt
7 from nums
8 /
DT
--------------------------------------------
1950
1950-51
1951
1951-52
...
2004
2004-05
2005
2005-06
112 rows selected.
To -: Matthias Rogel
November 12, 2005 - 10am Central time zone
Reviewer: Jagjeet Singh from Delhi, India
I knew this,
Need to generate any single character like '~' or '*'
or any string which you will not have in your data.
I am using '@!$#%^'
SQL> r
1 Select ename, replace( substr(e,instr(e,':')+1),'@ ! $ # % ^',',') e from
2* (select ename,replace(dump(replace(ename,',','@!$#%^'),17),',',' ') e from emp)
ENAME E
------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
SMITH S M I T H
ALLEN A L L E N
WARD W A R D
JONES J O N E S
MARTIN M A R T I N
BLAKE B L A K E
CLARK C L A R K
SCOTT S C O T T
KING K I N G
TURNER T U R N E R
ADAMS A D A M S
JAMES J A M E S
FORD |